Africans Before Columbus

Dark CIVILIZATIONS OF ANCIENT AMERICA (MUU-LAN), MEXICO (XI) Gigantic stone head of Negritic African The most punctual individuals in the Americas were individuals of the Negritic African race, who entered the Americas maybe as ahead of schedule as 100,000 years prior, by method of the bering straight and around thirty thousand years back in an overall sea undertaking that included excursions from the then wet and lake filled Sahara towards the Indian Ocean and the Pacific, and from West Africa over the Atlantic Ocean towards the Americas.According to the Gladwin Thesis, this old excursion happened, especially around 75,000 years back and included Black Pygmies, Black Negritic people groups and Black Australoids like the Aboriginal Black individuals of Australia and parts of Asia, including India. Antiquated African earthenware pictures 1000 B. C. to 500 B. C. Late revelations in the field of semantics and different strategies have appeared in actuality, that the old Olmecs of Mexico , known as the Xi People, came initially from West Africa and were of the Mende African ethnic stock.According to Clyde A. Winters and different scholars (see Clyde A. Winters site), the Mende content was found on a portion of the old Olmec landmarks of Mexico and were seen as indistinguishable from exactly the same content utilized by the Mende individuals of West Africa. In spite of the fact that the carbon fourteen testing date for the nearness of the Black Olmecs or Xi People is around 1500 B. C. , journies to the Mexico and the Southern United States may have originated from West Africa a lot prior, especially around 5,000 years before Christ.That end depends on the finding of an African local cotton that was found in North America. It's just conceivable way of showing up where it was found needed to have experienced human hands. At that period in West African history and even previously, human progress was in full sprout in the Western Sahara in what is today Mauritania. Proba bly the most punctual human advancement, the Zingh Empire, existed and may have lived in what was a lake filled, wet and ripe Sahara, where ships bungled from spot to place.ANCIENT AFRICAN KINGDOMS PRODUCED OLMEC TYPE CULTURES The old realms of West Africa which involved the Coastal backwoods belt from Cameroon to Guinea had exchanging associations with different Africans going back to ancient occasions. Be that as it may, by 1500 B. C. , these old realms exchanged along the Ivory Coast, however with the Phoenicians and different people groups. They extended their exchange to the Americas, where the proof for an antiquated African nearness is overwhelming.The realms which came to be known by Arabs and Europeans during the Middle Ages were at that point entrenched when quite a bit of Western Europe was as yet possessed by Celtic clans. By the fifth Century B. C. , the Phoenicians were running comercial boats to a few West African realms. During that period, iron had been being used f or around one thousand years and earthenware workmanship was being created at an extraordinary degree of craftsmanship. Stone was likewise being cut with naturalistic flawlessness and later, bronze was being utilized to make different devices and instruments, just as perfectly naturalistic works of art.The antiquated West African seaside and inside Kingdoms involved a zone that is currently secured with thick vegetation however may have been cleared around three to 4,000 years back. This incorporates the districts from the banks of West Africa toward the South, as far as possible inland to the Sahara. Various enormous realms and domains existed around there. As per Blisshords Communications, probably the most seasoned domain and civilizions on earth existed only north of the seaside areas into what is today Mauritania.It was known as the Zingh Empire and was exceptionally best in class. Truth be told, they were the first to utilize the red, dark and green African banner and to plant it all through their region all over Africa and the world. The Zingh Empire existed around fifteen thousand years prior. The main different human advancements that may have been in existance at that period in history were the Ta-Seti progress of what became Nubia-Kush and the legendary Atlantis development which may have existed out in the Atlantic, off the shore of West Africa around ten to fifteen thousand years ago.That leaves the inquiry regarding whether there was a connection between the ancient Zingh Empire of West Africa and the civilization of Atlantis, regardless of whether the Zingh Empire was really Atlantis, or whether Atlantis in the event that it existed was a piece of the Zingh realm. Was Atlantis, the profoundly mechanically complex human progress an augmentation of Black development in the Meso-America and different pieces of the Americas? Stone cutting of a Shaman or minister from Columbia's San Agustine CultureAn antiquated West African Oni or King holding compa rative relics as the San Agustine culture stone cutting of a Shaman The above old stone carvings (500 t0 1000 B. C. ) of Shamans of Priest-Kings obviously show unmistakable similitudes in instruments held and reason. The sensible cutting of an African ruler or Oni and the stone cutting of a shaman from Columbia's San Agustin Culture demonstrates dissemination of African strict practices to the Americas. Indeed, the locale of Columbia and Panama were among the primary places that Blacks were spotted by the principal Spanish voyagers to the Americas.From the archeological proof assembled both in West Africa and Meso-America, there is motivation to accept that the African Negritics who established or impacted the Olmec human advancement originated from West Africa. Not exclusively do the collosol Olmec stone heads look like Black Africans from the Ghana territory, yet the old strict acts of the Olmec clerics was like that of the West Africans, which included shamanism, the investigatio n of the Venus complex which was a piece of the customs of the Olmecs just as the Ono and Dogon People of West Africa.The language association is vital, since it has been discovered through decipherment of the Olmec content, that the antiquated Olmecs communicated in the Mende language and wrote in the Mend content, which is as yet utilized in parts of West Africa and the Sahara right up 'til the present time. Old TRADE BETWEEN THE AMERICAS AND AFRICA The most punctual exchange and business exercises among ancient and old Africa and the Americas may have happened from West Africa and may have included delivery and travel over the Atlantic.The history of West Africa has never been appropriately inquired about. However, there is adequate proof to show that West Africa of 1500 B. C. was at a degree of human progress moving toward that of antiquated Egypt and Nubia-Kush. Actually, there were likenesses between the way of life of Nubia and West Africa, even to the very similitudes betwee n the littler scaled hard block dirt internment pyramids worked for West African Kings at Kukia in pre Christian Ghana and their partners in Nubia, Egypt and Meso-America.Although West Africa isn't normally known for having a culture of pyramid-building, such a culture existed in spite of the fact that pyramids were made for the entombment of lords and were made of solidified block. This style of pyramid building was nearer to what was worked by the Olmecs in Mexico when the principal Olmec pyramids were assembled. Truth be told, they were not worked of stone, yet of solidified dirt and minimized earth. All things considered, despite the fact that we don't see pyramids of stone transcending the ground in West Africa, like those of Egypt, Nubia or Mexico, or enormous abilisks, collosal landmarks and structures of Nubian and Khemitic or Meso-American civilization.The truth remains, they existed in West Africa for a littler scope and were shipped to the Americas, where conditions, for example, a situation progressively neighborly to building and liberated from weaknesses, for example, intestinal sickness and the tsetse fly, made it a lot simpler to expand on a more fabulous scale. Meso-American pyramid with ventured appearance, worked around 2500 years back Stepped Pyramid of Sakkara, Egypt, worked more than 4,000 years prior, contrast with Meso-American pyramid Large scope building tasks, for example, monuent and pyramid building was no doubt conveyed to the Americas by a similar West Africans who built up the Olmec or Xi human advancement in Mexico.Such exercises would have happened especially if there was a sorry hinderance and obstruction to enormous, grand structure and development as there was in the backwoods and intestinal sickness zones of West Africa. However, when the area of old Ghana and Mauritania is firmly inspected, proof of enormous ancient towns, for example, Kukia and others just as different landmarks to an extraordinary progress existed and k eep on existing at a littler level than Egypt and Nubia, yet huge enough to show an immediate association with Mexico's Olmec civilization.The likenesses among Olmec and West African human advancement incorporates racial, strict and pyramid bilding similitudes, just as the similitudes in their letters in order and contents just as the two societies communicating in the indistinguishable Mende language, which was once across the board in the Sahara and was spread as far East as Dravidian India in ancient occasions just as the South Pacific. During the early long stretches of West African exchange with the Americas, business sailors made regular journeys over the Atlantic.In certainty, the oral history of a convention of marine between the Americas and Africa is a piece of the historical backdrop of the Washitaw People, a native Black country who were the first occupants of the Mississippi Valley area, the previous Louisiana Territories and parts of the Southern United States. As per their oral customs, their old boats confounded the Atlantic Ocean among Africa and the Americas on missions of exchange and business.. A portion of the boats utilized during the antiquated occasions, maybe sooner than 7000 B.C. (which is the date given for cavern artistic creations of the drawings and artworks of pontoons in the now evaporated Sahara desert) are like boats utilized in parts of Africa today. These boats were either made of

Find causes of the problem in article Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Discover reasons for the issue in article - Essay Example No doubt the issue won't handily be comprehended on the grounds that the purposes for it are both affordable and political. This statement from a similar article for all intents and purposes summarizes the reasons for the issue: As indicated by Education Department measurements, 12 percent of understudies at open two-year colleges reported having an incapacity of some kind in 2007-8. Of those, 10 percent said they had a psychological, emotional, or mental condition, and 11.5 percent said they experienced despondency. Different studies demonstrate that the numbers could be higher: A fall 2009 overview by the American College Health Association found that 9.2 percent of understudies at a wide range of foundations revealed being determined to have despondency, and 9.4 percent with tension. (2010) School instructors nowadays are confronted with understudies who need something beyond a source of genuine sympathy and an ear to hear them out. These are issues that require much additional time and investment in the understudies regular daily existences, neither of which these guides have a ton of. The result? Absence of labor and unserviced understudies. The principal reason that he presents is that the financial downturn has caused a flood in school enlistment since there are individuals of unquestionably further developed ages who end up without occupations and needing vocation retraining. The main spot that they can get their retraining is in school. In this way, rather than having a solitary advisor manage say 10 understudies, that individual presently manages 50 - 100 understudies for each day. Another explanation behind the absence of advocates would be that these instructive establishments are not downturn verification either. Despite the fact that they have a deluge of understudies, the school organization despite everything needs to manage different bills and costs that are required so as to run the school, making them save certain representatives. These conserved workers as a rule originate from the Guidance Counseling division. We need to perceive

Adequate

Adequate You are inadequate. At least that’s what advertisers would like you to believe. You bear witness to proof of your inadequacy every day: you see it on your TV, hear it on your radio, stare back at it on your computer screen and on highway billboards. There are plenty of messages all around you to reinforce your utter inadequacy. If you’re a male, you’re not a real man unless you drink this brand of beer and eat this particular cut of meat and drive this brand of sport utility vehicle. And if you’re a female, you’re not a real woman unless you squeeze into this size dress and don this shiny piece of jewelry and tote this purse with all the ostentatious C’s or LV’s on its leather exterior. Then, and only then, will you feel adequateâ€"or so they’d have you believe. But when you obtain these things, what happens? Do you feel long-term adequacy? No, of course not. Your thirst for over-indulgent consumption isn’t quenched when you obtain more material possessionsâ€"it’s just the opposite: your desire to consume increases; you’ve set the bar higher, and thus the threshold for future satisfaction is higher. It’s a vicious cycle. Consumption is an unquenchable thirst. You create that thirst, you manufacture the desire to consume more. Advertisers play their role, they help activate the desire you create, but ultimately the desire is yours to control. Once you realize you have control, you can break the cycleâ€"you can avoid the continuous downward spiral. There is one way out of consumption’s spiral: we must realize the things we purchase do not define who we areâ€"unless we allow them to. If we are defined by our things, we will never be happyâ€"but if we are defined by our actions, then we’ll have the opportunity to feel fulfilled by our everyday growth, we’ll have the opportunity to feel satisfied with our everyday contribution to others, and we’ll have the opportunity to be content every day of our lives. The stuff doesn’t make you happyâ€"you make you happy. Read this essay and 150 others in our new book, Essential.

Development Of Drugs With High Potency And Inhibitory...

Summary of research plan Development of drugs with high potency and inhibitory activity against specific activating mutation, while showing significantly less activity against wild type mutations, made testing specific sensitizing mutation necessary. (1) (EGFR) T790M mutation a successful example of a biomarker for non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) treatment with Osimertinib that gained a wide acceptance in clinical practice in Europe and US (), One question that needs to be asked, however, is whether testing for similar mutations in different cancer will be of clinical value. an unknown subpopulation of patients with CRC will have an activating EGFR mutation, such as L858R, which is thought to activate the receptor constitutively, regardless of ligand status promoting cellular proliferation and growth. in patients with colorectal cancer, Targeting activated EGFR, hypothetically, will lead to growth inhibition of cancer cell dependent on the oncogenic drive of sensitising EGFR mutation. This project aims t o investigate the role of EGFR (L858R/+/+) as a biomarker for AZD 9291 (Osimertinib) treatment, using SW48 cell line with a wild type mutation of EGFR and Heterozygous knockin of EGFR activating mutation (L858R/+/+), to investigate the mechanism of resistances if cells developed resistance and to test the overlap between Osimertinib and AZD5363, palbocidib and selumetinib. This work should improve treatment outcome for patients with CRC with EGFR sensitising mutationShow MoreRelatedThe Consequences Of The Discovery Of Pi3k Inhibitors791 Words   |  4 Pagesunder way. There is evidence that the early compounds namely quercetin, wortmannin and LY294002 could inhibit PI3K pathway. The latter two compounds were able to rule the research for more than a decade but their high toxicity and insolubility precludedthem as in vivo pharmacological drugs [Falasca (2010]. 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Moreover, it is highly selective for AChE with a low affinity for BuChE. Phase III study in the US, Japan and European countries showed that donepezil was able to treat these symptoms of mild to moderate ADRead MoreTb Is A Treatable And Curable Disease Essay1438 Words   |  6 Pagesaccurate early diagnosis, drug resistance screening, HIV screening, correct drug selection and long-term compliance. (1) The current first line treatment for drug-sensitive TB includes an ‘intensive phase’ of 2 months and a ‘continuation phase’ of 4 to 7 months. The drugs used in the initiation phase include rifampicin (RIF), isoniazid (INH), pyrazinamide (PYR) and ethambutol (EMB), with RIF and INH being continued until MTB is eradicated. (1) This four-drug treatment regimen for drug-sensitive TB diseaseRead MoreCancer Therapy Essay1597 Words   |  7 Pagesfor tumor recurrenc e and high rate of mortality. 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GI cancer resistance networks are in part due to interactions between parallel signaling and aberrantly expressed microRNAs (miRNAs) that collectively promote the development and survival of drug-resistant cancer stem cells (CSCs) with epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) characteristics. The lack of understanding of resistanceRead MoreFood Protein Derived Bioactive Peptides ( Bps )5959 Words   |  24 Pagesthereby influencing health positively. These peptides have attracted high research and consumer interests due to their huge potential of use in functional foods and other dietary interventions of disease control and health promotion. However, successful product development is limited by the fact that current manufacturing processes are either difficult to scale up, high in cost, or have the potential to affect the structure-activity properties of these peptides. To overcome these challenges, we have

How Successful A Business Or An Entrepreneurial Decision

Introduction Surviving in a competitive market nowadays has become increasingly difficult. According to Kelly (2013), almost 90% of new start-ups fail and don’t make it to their second year. Some of those businesses have overly ambitious goals, while others are simple and just aim to survive. So what criterion do we use if we are to judge the soundness of the entrepreneurial decision? Do successful businesses have the distinct characteristic of achieving profits? And are the most successful of companies the ones that attain the highest profits? Or is it that we need to take other factors into account when assessing the successfulness of a company? These are the kinds of questions that this paper will be trying to answer in order to reflect on the different ways and approaches we go about assessing how successful a business or an entrepreneurial decision is. Rational Choice It is without a doubt that financial analysis and profitability ratios are key performance indicators and perhaps the first that pop to mind when thinking of the successfulness of a venture (PwC, 2007). They are in fact the easiest to use in order to judge how good the company has been performing with regards to selling their goods/services with a profitable margin. For instance, Reid and Smith (2000) conducted a research with 150 new small sized companies and tried to cluster them into high, medium and low performing organizations according to certain characteristics ofShow MoreRelatedThe Practice Of Entrepreneurship Through Time And The Global Enterprise1642 Words   |  7 Pagesof self-esteem and self-efficacy reduces the competence in decision making. Delgado-Garcia, Rodriguez-Escudero, and Martin-Cruz (2012) maintained that negative self-esteem increased negative mood and limited options. 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These processes include identifying an opportunity, developing a business plan, determining the resources needed, and finally managing the newly developed enterprise (Hirsh, Peters, Sheppard, 2005). A clear understanding of the entrepreneurial process is anRead MoreEssay The Missing Entrepreneur in Economics1602 Words   |  7 Pagesaggression a successful strategy. Economic models are contrived to remove the personality from the entrepreneur, to make all entrepreneurial decisions predestined, given enough time. However, to deny Bill Gates’s or Steve Jobs’s role in economic history is equivalent to denying Hitler’s role in creating a Nazi Germany or Castro’s role in creating a Communist Cuba. Claiming that history or economics is deterministic is silly. Entrepreneurs are people who make decisions; their decisions need not fallRead MoreStrategic Iss ues in Entreprenuerial Ventures1565 Words   |  7 PagesChapter 13 STRATEGIC ISSUES IN ENTREPRENEURIAL VENTURES AND SMALL BUSINESSES The Importance of Small-Business and Entrepreneurial Ventures A. Definition of Small-Business Firms and Entrepreneurial Ventures The most commonly accepted definition of a small business firm is one that employs fewer than 500 people and that generates sales of less than $20 million annually. According to the U.S. Small Business Administration, â€Å"A small business is one which is independently owned and operated,Read MoreCharacteristics of a Successful Entrepreneur Essay1598 Words   |  7 PagesCharacteristics of a Successful Entrepreneur ABSTRACT First, there was an interview with a successful entrepreneur. 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First, I will compare and contrast with the U.S.A the standards of ethical practice in Spain for evaluating business decisions. Second, I will discuss the forms of business in Spain, and compare and contrast these to the United States. Third, describe entrepreneurial activities needed for success in that market structure. Final, compare and contrast the U.S.A and the Spain economies. Spain is a cultural superpower, despite the differences

High School and Personal Hero Free Essays

â€Å"A hero is someone who has given his or her life to something bigger than oneself†. Heroes are usually superhero, celebrities and historians but the hero in my life is my mother. My mother is my personal hero because she overcame all the struggles in her youth; she has a caring heart and a hard worker. We will write a custom essay sample on High School and Personal Hero or any similar topic only for you Order Now My mom is my personal hero because of how she overcame struggles in her youth. My mom has a strong sense of leadership even as a young child, due to the fact that she practically raised her 10 brothers and 9 sisters. When my mother was very young, her father had an illness that ended up killing him. Her mother tends to care about her man more than her kids. My mother threw away her dream to become a professional soccer player to help provide for her siblings. Also, my mom overcomes her struggles in school when she was younger. Partially junior high and early high school, my mother didn’t think or care about school and how important it was and she decided that providing for her siblings was the number one priority. As the school years had gone by her attitude toward school changes, she is more dedicated and determines to get her high school diploma. All in all overcoming struggles in her youth has made mom my personal hero. Secondly, my mother is my personal hero because she is a caring person. My mom is part of the minority who make it a part of everyday life to help others. She’s passionate about teaching profoundly mentally handicap children, a job which may be considered undesirable, yet she wouldn’t trade it for the world. She is also the first to offer a helping hand to anybody any time. She has given people a home, a shoulder to cry on, advice, all the help she can give, and most importantly given someone in need the feeling of knowing that there is someone out there who cares. Also, she constantly encouraged me to further my education. She doesn’t want me to go through the same struggles as she went through numerous times. My mother knew growing up she was not given the same opportunities as I am today. My mother reminds me that she foresees a future in me and will not let me give up on my education. Therefore being a caring person is one of many reasons why my mom is a hero to me. Lastly, my mom is my personal hero because she is a hard worker. My mother would sacrifice anything she had to, to ensure our happiness and success. She works two jobs, her full time teaching career and her part time job working fast food just so she can afford to have a roof over our heads, food on the table, and some of the luxuries we may desire even though they aren’t ecessities. She sacrifices her time and energy to please us. There aren’t many people out there who are so giving, without asking for anything in return. Also my mom has think of quitting her job many of time because the hours she worked didn’t allow her to spend any time with her kids and husband. She started getting back pain, eat disorder and sleeping less. But that didn’t stop my mother from quitting her j ob. In conclusion being a hard worker is one of the most important reasons why my mother is my hero. With all the curves and obstacles life throws at us, somehow my mom manages to keep herself together and still manage to be the best mother I know out there by overcoming all the tough struggle she went through as a young child, have a caring personality and working hard. She always strives to do her best for us, and loves us unconditionally. My mom is the most compassionate person that I know. She cares much more for others than she cares for herself and put in time and energy to please us. My mother is my mom, my best friend, but most importantly she is my everyday hero. How to cite High School and Personal Hero, Essay examples

Microbial Survey, Smear Preparation, and Simple Stain Essay Example

Microbial Survey, Smear Preparation, and Simple Stain Essay Instructional Objectives 1. Define Roccal = green, liquid disinfectant. Pathogen = an agent which causes disease. Wet Mount Slide = a microscope slide of a liquid specimen covered with a cover glass. Yeast = a single celled fungi. Budding = a true characteristic method of asexual reproduction among yeasts where budding of a new cell from a parent cell can be observed. Mold = multicellular masses of filamentous fungal growth. Hyphae = individual filaments of mold, generally comprised of more than one cell.Mycelium = the entire mass of the intermeshed hyphae. Colony = the sometimes circular body of fungal growth that is visible to the unaided eye. Can be comprised of thousands of hyphae and reproductive cells, yet is the result of an overgrowth of a single cell or reproductive spore. Reproductive Spore = a means of both reproduction and dissemination of molds, since they are readily carried about by air currents. Septa = hyphal cross walls which divide the filaments into separate cells . Petri Plate (dish) = a special covered dish in which mold is cultured.Medium = a solid nutrient used for culturing. Agar = a non-nutrient thickening agent which is thicker than gelatin but still quite soft. Smear = a thin film of microbial cells on a microscope slide. Fixing = passing the smear through the flame of the laboratory burner three times in rapid succession to heat fix the smear. Simple Staining = staining cells with a single dye so that they can be more readily observed. Basic Dye = (methylene blue) has positively charged chromophore group. A basic dye will be attracted to any negatively charged substance, such as bacterium.Acidic Dye = (eosin) have negatively charged chromophore groups, and thus are attracted to positively charged substances. Chromophore Group = chemical staining group. Bacilli = rod- shaped bacterium. Endospore = survival forms of the cells. Bacterial Spore = a released endospore. 2. Describe the steps in the preparation of a wet mount slide and name the three different specimens used. To prepare a wet mount slide you begin with the substance at hand. The specimens studied in the laboratory using this type of slide were a hay infusion, a yeast suspension, and the mold specimen.For the hay infusion you begin with placing two drops of the suspension in the center of a clean microscope slide using a transfer pipet. The specimen must be immediately covered with a cover glass completing the wet mount slide. The yeast suspension is transferred from the tube to the slide using a flame sterilized inoculating loop. Immediately cover the specimen with a cover glass. The stained yeast suspension is prepared the same way except that the suspension is mixed with a drop of lactophenol cotton blue placed on the slide prior to transferring the yeast.The mold must be cut from the petri plate and placed on top of the drop of lactophenol cotton blue already placed on the microscope slide. After it is covered it may be studied under the microscope . 3. State the scientific name of the yeast studied in the laboratory. Saccharomyces cerevisiae is the scientific name of the yeast studied in the laboratory. 4. Name the medium upon which the mold was cultured. Sabouraud agar is the medium upon which the mold was cultured. 5. Name the stain routinely employed on fungal specimens. Lactophenol cotton blue is a stain routinely used on fungal specimens. 6.List two methods by which the mold specimen was examined. The mold specimen was studied by observing the mold colony on the Petri dish directly under the microscope. It was also studied by placing a drop of lactophenol cotton blue directly on a microscope slide followed by a piece of the mold specimen from the Petri dish which is then covered and can be viewed under the microscope. 7. Name the specimen in which moving organisms were seen. Moving organisms were observed in the hay infusion. 8. List the steps in the proper transfer of microbes from a culture to a slide using an inoculat ing loop.To begin the proper transfer of microbes using the inoculating loop you must first light the laboratory burner. The flame will be used to sterilize the inoculating loop by heating until the loop is red hot. Wait for the loop to cool before using it to pick up a drop of the specimen. This specimen is placed on a clean microscope slide which is then covered with a cover glass. If it is stained place a drop of dye on the slide and then mix in the specimen. 9. Describe the procedures for the preparation of smears from both liquid and solid (agar) cultures.Liquid smears are prepared by first shaking the culture well and flame sterilizing the loop. After letting the loop cool a loopful of the liquid culture is transferred onto a clean slide. For a second time, flame sterilize the loop and transfer a loopful of liquid culture onto the same spot on the slide. Mix the loopfuls together and spread out to the size of a tack. Flame sterilize the loop and allow the smear to air dry with out disturbance. The smear must then be heat fixed by passing the slide three times in rapid succession over the laboratory burner; it will be warm to touch.To begin the smear preparation for the solid agar culture two loopfuls of water needs to be placed on the slide. Flame sterilize the loop and let cool, open the Petri dish, and gently touch the flat side of the loop to the agar and slowly draw the loop toward you about a quarter of an inch. Mix the microbes on the loop into the water on the slide and spread it until it is dime sized. Again flame sterilize the loop and heat fix the smear after it has been air dried. 10. Describe the process of heat fixing a microbial smear. A smear is heat fixed by passing the slide over the laboratory burner three times in rapid succession. 1. Name the bacterium employed in the smear and simple staining exercises. The bacterium used in the smear and simple staining exercises is Bacillus megaterium. 12. List the materials and steps employed in si mple staining. One microscope, two smears of the bacterium Bacillus megaterium, lens paper, sqeeze bottles of water, dropper bottle of methylene blue, staining pans with racks, paper towels, bottle of Roccal, immersion oil, and a bottle of 70% isopropyl alcohol are the materials necessary for the simple staining exercise.Begin by placing the smear slide (specimen up) on the rack in the staining pan, and then cover each smear with one or two drops of the methylene blue and let stand for one minute. Rinse the slide with water making sure all of the residual stain is removed from the slide, then blot dry. The slide is now able to be examined with the microscope. 13. Describe the difference in appearance of organisms or slides from broth and agar cultures. With the agar culture you are able to readily see mold growing on the surface without use of the microscope.Although the broth was cloudy (a sign of bacterial growth) it was not as easily examined with the unaided eye as was the agar culture. When viewed under the microscope, in the yeast broth you were able to clearly distinguish the nucleus within the cells and in some cases the process of budding was observed. Hyphae and a number of reproductive cells were able to be seen when examining the mold under the microscope. The nucleus of the cells was hard to distinguish, but septa were easily seen.

Polyprotic Acid Example Chemistry Problem

Polyprotic Acid Example Chemistry Problem A polyprotic acid is an acid that can donate more than one hydrogen atom (proton) in an aqueous solution. To find the pH of this type of acid, its necessary to know the dissociation constants for each hydrogen atom. This is an example of how to work a polyprotic acid chemistry problem. Polyprotic Acid Chemistry Problem Determine the pH of a 0.10 M solution of H2SO4. Given: Ka2 1.3 x 10-2 Solution H2SO4 has two H (protons), so it is a diprotic acid that undergoes two sequential ionizations in water: First ionization: H2SO4(aq) → H(aq) HSO4-(aq) Second ionization: HSO4-(aq) ⇔ H(aq) SO42-(aq) Note that sulfuric acid is a strong acid, so its first dissociation approaches 100%. This is why the reaction is written using → rather than ⇔. The HSO4-(aq) in the second ionization is a weak acid, so the H is in equilibrium with its conjugate base. Ka2 [H][SO42-]/[HSO4-] Ka2 1.3 x 10-2 Ka2 (0.10 x)(x)/(0.10 - x) Since Ka2 is relatively large, its necessary to use the quadratic formula to solve for x: x2 0.11x - 0.0013 0 x 1.1 x 10-2 M The sum of the first and second ionizations gives the total [H] at equilibrium. 0.10 0.011 0.11 M pH -log[H] 0.96 Learn More Introduction to Polyprotic Acids Strength of Acids and Bases Concentration of Chemical Species First Ionization H2SO4(aq) H+(aq) HSO4-(aq) Initial 0.10 M 0.00 M 0.00 M Change -0.10 M +0.10 M +0.10 M Final 0.00 M 0.10 M 0.10 M Second Ionization HSO42-(aq) H+(aq) SO42-(aq) Initial 0.10 M 0.10 M 0.00 M Change -x M +x M +x M At Equilibrium (0.10 - x) M (0.10 + x) M x M

Treatment of Words That Include Self

Treatment of Words That Include Self Treatment of Words That Include â€Å"Self† Treatment of Words That Include â€Å"Self† By Mark Nichol Appropriately enough, the self-centered word self, when combined with others, sometimes gets special treatment. Self, as a prefix, is attached by a hyphen to other words in several parts of speech. The combination can be a noun (self-control), an adjective (self-absorbed), a verb (self-medicate), or an adverb (self-importantly). It can also refer literally to a person (self-regard) or can figuratively apply to an inanimate object (self-contained). However it is used, though, it is always, with one aberrant exception I’ll refer to below, hyphenated. In adjectival usage, although most phrasal adjectives are hyphenated before a noun but left open after (â€Å"The well-known artist drew a big crowd,† but â€Å"That artist is well known†), compounds that include the prefix self are hyphenated in both positions: â€Å"The self-possessed girl was confident but not conceited,† and â€Å"That girl is remarkably self-possessed.† This rule applies also to all, another prefix used in phrasal adjectives: â€Å"The all-inclusive policy was more successful†; â€Å"The policy is all-inclusive.† Ex, although not employed in phrasal adjectives, is another prefix always hyphenated to the word that follows: â€Å"That’s her ex-boyfriend.† The exception for the prefix self I referred to above is this: Though self-conscious and self-consciously are so constructed, the antonym presents a problem: Words are often strung together into phrases with hyphens (â€Å"She had an annoying devil-may-care attitude†), but this strategy is considered inappropriate when prefixes are concerned. Un-self-consciously looks awkward. Unfortunately, the preferred alternative, unselfconsciously, is equally repugnant. The solution? Instead of writing â€Å"His unselfconsciousness was refreshing,† write â€Å"His lack of self-consciousness was refreshing.† As an alternative to the adverbial form in, for example, â€Å"They played together unselfconsciously,† try â€Å"They played together with no self-conscious behavior.† In all other usage, though, words in which self or its plural form appears when self is followed by a suffix (selfish, selfless) or when it is combined with a pronoun (yourself, myself, itself, ourselves, themselves, and so on) are not hyphenated. Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Expressions category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:Grammar Test 1Hang, Hung, Hanged75 Synonyms for â€Å"Hard†

Free Will, Determinism and Moral Responsibility Term Paper

Free Will, Determinism and Moral Responsibility - Term Paper Example The paper tells that on one hand, free will can be defined as an ability that an individual harnesses or on the other, free will can be constructed as a possession inherent in a person. The reasoning faculty of humans facilitates and empowers free will. Causal events are attributed to the exercise and natural outcomes of free will. If rational human actions are assumed to arise from free will, then that would mean that free will is contingent on those events. That position leads to the belief that a person acting freely essentially manifests the working of his or her free will. The implications of free will are moral responsibility, legal accountability and self-determinism. Self-determinism is a principle founded on free will and self-influenced decision and action. In religion, the possession and exercise of free will places man in a position to either follow the divine will or go against it. Free will makes man liable for his choices and answerable to an authority. Free will also frees man to a certain extent from passivity of man, seing that he is characterized an active moral agent who can make changes in his life and that of others. Philosopher Thomas Hobbes asserts this theory by stating that all free-willed actions are based or influenced by external factors compelling an individual to act. However, one might dispute this approach because these actions are spurred by two distinct types of freedom: freedom of will and freedom of action. The disparity between freedom of will and freedom of action in the context of causality is underlined by the fact that agents can have free will but no freedom of action.3 For example, if a person wants to go to the store and buy an item at the mall, he or she is free to do so. However, if the said individual is tied fast to a chair or does not have the money to buy anything, these conditions directly hinder his liberty to act on his free will. The individual still has the free will to steal the item or attempt to break f ree from restraint. According to Hobbes’ theory, external factors such as the person’s pressing necessity for that item or someone else’s request have influenced the individual to come to the decision to go to the mall. In both cases, the individual retains the free will to execute the action, nevertheless agencies outside the individual’s control impacts on the final outcome. The fundamental question here is the leveling of responsibility at an individual for actions arising not from his own free will, but from exterior environmental factors over which he has no control. The simple answer would be these individuals are not responsible for their actions, however unpopular this view may be. If one were to introduce a system of reward and punishment to instigate or control action, then, no one can be praised or blamed owing to the incentive or disincentive. 4 However, an exception to Hobbes’ theory lies in the premise of causal determinism proposed b y the British analytic philosopher Galen Strawson. The premise implies that current events are fixed outcomes since events are actuated by a cause and the cause

Adolescent Dating Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Adolescent Dating - Essay Example Emotional needs are a part and parcel of a person’s life and right from the adolescent age, most people begin to find their interests in other people and begin to date them in order to rest the curiosity that they contain in their minds regarding the opposite sex and dealing with the idea of a relationship. Adolescent dating is one major life stage in human development. The stage predisposes the adolescents to several challenges which have been explained further within the purview of the paper. These major challenges at this stage are mainly emotional. The main aspects to be considered in adolescent stage may include, accepting that adolescence is a normal transitional stage; parental and peer influence during adolescent stage; the dating anxiety and social distress among adolescents and lastly dating violence among adolescents, to name a few. The main objective of this paper is to understand the emotional needs of adolescents with respect to their personal habits and desire t o have someone in their life to share their experiences with. Dating is a very normal part of adolescence stage where most young adults try and get to know one another in order to form a possible relationship with them. This occurs because of reasons like familial or peer pressure, as well as a friend as an outlet for one’s feelings. Furthermore, at this age, dating is seemingly impossible to eradicate or even prevent because almost everyone goes through it and children that don’t are considered to be left out in groups. This kind of dating is normally done in response to the growing emotional, physical and social needs of adolescents. Furthermore, it must be understood that the motives and perspective of adolescents toward dating are different from those of adults due to different levels of maturity. Dating has various effects on adolescents because it ends up having young people get mixed up

The Background Of Food Tourism Tourism Essay

The Background Of Food Tourism Tourism Essay This chapter will explain the background of food tourism. The researcher will explain why food tourism is a niche activity and what the benefits of niche tourism are. This chapter will also outline the interaction between food and tourism. Furthermore, the researcher will describe the trends shaping the tourists interest in food. This chapter will then analyse the recognition of food tourism internationally, most notably within countries such as Canada and Whales. Finally, the researcher will investigate the food tourism industry in Ireland and examine how Ireland measures up as a food destination when compared to international standards. Food tourism, which can also be referred to as gastronomy or culinary tourism is increasing as an area of research among tourism scholars (Hall, Sharples and Mitchell 2003; Smith and Xiao 2008). In 1998, folklorist Lucy Long first defined the relatively new term food tourism as intentional, exploratory participation in the foodways of another participation including the consumption, preparation and presentation of a food item, cuisine, meal system, or eating style considered to belong to a culinary system not ones own (Chrzan 2006; International Culinary Tourism Association 2010; Long 2004). This definition indicates travelling with the intention of experiencing other cultures through their food (Chrzan 2006). However, Smith et al (2008) argue that Long`s definition is exclusive and narrow, limiting food tourism to food experiences belonging to another culture. In contrast to Long`s definition, the International Culinary Tourism Association (ICTA) (2010) define food tourism as the p ursuit of unique and memorable culinary experiences of all kinds, often while travelling, but one can also be a culinary tourist at home. This definition explains food tourism in its broadest sense and includes all culinary experiences from Michelin star restaurants to local bakeries or cookery schools (Chrzan 2006; ICTA 2010). Furthermore, the ICTA (2010) explain that local residents can be culinary tourists in their own town simply by breaking their routine and trying out new restaurants. Erik Wolf, President and Chief Executive Officer (CEO) of the ICTA explains that true culinary tourists are perfectly happy at a roadside cafà © in the middle of nowhere, as long as there is something positively memorable about their dining experience (Wolf 2006, p.2). 2.3 Food Tourism as a Niche Activity According to Novelli (2005) niche tourism or special interest tourism is one of the fastest growing areas within the tourism sector. Douglas, Douglas and Derrett (2001) concur and believe that the growth of niche tourism is seen as a reflection of the increasing diversity of leisure interests among the twenty-first century tourist. The traditional two week sunbathing holiday abroad has given way to niche tours catering for peoples special interests (Collins 1999). The term niche tourism is largely borrowed from the term niche marketing. In marketing terms, niche refers to two inter-related ideas. First that there is a place in the market for a product, and second, that there is an audience for this product (Novelli 2005, p.4). Therefore, the clear premise of a niche market is a more narrowly defined group, whereby the individuals in the group are identifiable by the same specialised needs or interests, and are defined as having a strong desire for the products on offer (Novelli 2005) . This can be customised to refer to a specific destination tailored to meet the needs of a particular market segment, for example, a wine growing region can position itself as a niche destination offering tours of its specific wines. The size of a niche market can vary considerably, however it allows the market to be broken into relatively large market sectors macro-niches; for example cultural, rural or sport tourism which can then be divided into precise market segments micro-niches, for example geo, food or cycling tourism (Deuschl 2006; Novelli 2005). Niche tourism has been frequently referred to in tourism policy and strategy documents in recent years in opposition to mass tourism (Hall et al 2003; Novelli 2005). The connotations of a more tailored and individualised service carries its own cachet relating to features like the small scale of operations, implied care and selectivity regarding discerning markets, and a suggested sensitivity of tourists (Novelli 2005, p.6). Such features provide a more suitable fit with planning and development policies relating to environmentally sustainable and socially caring tourism. For these reasons, organisations such as the World Tourism Organisation (UNWTO) and the World Travel and Tourism Council (WTTC) view niche tourism consumption as more of a benefit to the host communities when compared to the more traditional forms of mass tourism (Hall et al 2003; Novelli 2005). Furthermore, niche tourism is also seen as a mechanism for attracting high spending tourists. Take for example the concept of cookery school holidays, a market which is expanding year by year (Sharples 2003). Google Insights (2010) show a consistent web search interest in cookery holidays over the years 2004 to 2010, with particular interest from the United Kingdom (UK) and the United States (US). Ballymaloe Cookery School, located in one of the most scenic areas of Ireland, East Cork is one of Europes foremost cookery schools. The school which is run by well known cooks Darina and Tim Allen has attracted people of all ages and abilities, from all over the world since its opened in 1983. The courses range from simple one (average price à ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬125) to two day courses (average price à ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬575), based on a certain theme, such as baking, finger food, salads or pasta dishes, to more lengthy week long courses (at an average price of à ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬895). An analysis of their website showed that some cookery courses are booked out with an option to join a waiting list (Ballymaloe Cookery School 2010; Sharples 2003). 2.4 The Interaction between Food and Tourism Although it is agreed that food tourism is a niche activity, Novelli (2005) categorises food tourism as a subset of rural tourism due to its roots in agriculture. Wolf (2006, p.6) contradicts and illustrates food tourism as a subset of cultural tourism because cuisine is a manifestation of culture. Everett (2008, p.337) agrees with Wolf and suggests that food tourism provides a conceptual vehicle for pursuing a more culturally aware tourism agenda. It can be assumed that food is representative of a culture, take for instance Italy, a country which is known throughout the world for its pizza and pasta dishes. Nevertheless, food tourism is a newly defined niche that intersects and impacts on the long entwined travel and food industries (Wolf 2006). Food is a vital component of the tourism experience. Selwood (2003) suggests that food is one of the most important attractions sought out by tourists in their craving for new and unforgettable experiences. A growing body of literature sugge sts that food can play an important role in the destination choice of tourists, and more significantly, in visitor satisfaction (McKercher, Okumus and Okumus 2008). The food consumed by tourists in a place is part of the tourists memory of their visit to that particular holiday destination (Failte Ireland 2009a; Fitzgibbon 2007). Henderson (2009) explains that food and tourism have a very close relationship as food is a critical tourism resource. Food is vital for physical sustenance and all tourists have to eat when travelling. However, both Henderson (2009) and McKercher et al (2008) declare that the desire to try different foods may act as a primary motivator for some, or part of the bundle of secondary motivators for others. Culinary tourists are drawn by the opportunity to consume, and dining out is a growing form of leisure where meals are consumed not out of necessity but for pleasure (Smith et al 2008). Much of the literature on food tourism refers to the concept of visualis m as epitomised by Urrys tourist gaze (Urry (1990) as cited in Everett 2008, p.340). Everett (2008) discovered that viewing windows are being built in food tourism sites in an effort to meet an increasing demand for a more embodied, immersive and authentic food tourism experience. Theses viewing windows bring the producer closer to the consumer and allow the tourist to gaze into the backstage of food production activity (Everett 2008, p. 340). As previously mentioned, all tourists have to eat when travelling. Therefore, from an economic point of view, 100% of tourists spend money on food at their destination (Wolf 2006). Yet, data on food tourism appears scarce. Selwood (2003, p.178) explains that food is a very much overlooked and unsung component of tourism literature. Hall et al (2003, p.1) agree and cite food, just like tourism, was for many years a fringe academic discipline, and was frowned upon as an area of research by students. Typically, food is placed together with accomm odation in collections of tourism statistics, partly because it is almost always part of another attraction, and also because of it being a necessary element of survival no matter where a person is located (McKercher et al 2008; Selwood 2003). As the ICTA (2010) point out, the more that food is accepted as a main stream attraction by destination marketers, the more research that will be done to further develop and justify this niche activity (ICTA 2010; Wolf 2006). Hashimoto and Telfer (2006) refer to the Canadian Tourism Commission (CTC) who has recognised the growing interest in cuisine and have begun to promote Canada as a food tourism destination. The CTC (2010) highlight local Canadian cuisine as one of the top five unique selling points on offer in the country. Furthermore, dining out is one of the most popular activities undertaken by Canadian tourists (Selwood 2003). Hashimoto et al (2006) cite that Canada has approximately 63,500 restaurants and Canadians themselves spend CAN$39 billion annually in restaurants, eating out on average 4.7 times a week. The contribution of food to the Canadian tourism economy is of considerable importance and, because of their intensive use of labour, food preparation and food services also contribute very heavily to the tourism employment sector. In Canada, nearly a million people work in the foodservice industry and the promotion of local cuisine is therefore an effective way of supporting local economies along with agricultural production (Hashimoto 2006; Selwood 2003). The importance of food to the tourism industry has increased significantly within the last ten years, according to the Welsh Assembly Government (2009). They believe that the availability of high quality, local food has become a key driver for tourists when selecting a holiday destination. A Food Tourism Action Plan has been drawn up to promote W ales as a destination where high quality and distinctive food is widely available. Currently visitors on short breaks in Wales spend 18.7% of their holiday spend on food and drink whereas visitors on longer holidays spend 17.8% (Welsh Assembly Government 2009). Research carried out by the Travel Industry Association in conjunction with the Gourmet Tourism Association and the ICTA reported in March 2007 that over the previous three years 27 million travellers engaged in culinary or wine related activities, while travelling throughout the world. Therefore, the Welsh Government believe that there is a clear demand for culinary experiences, and outlets which promote and market high quality Welsh food and drink for consumption or purchase (Welsh Assembly Government 2009, p.3). 2.5 Travel Trends As previously mentioned, some tourism agencies such as the CTC have begun to recognise the growing interest in food and have embarked on the promotion of their destination as a food tourism location. However, the question arises as to the trends which are shaping the tourists interest in food. Nowadays, modern food tourists are better educated and have travelled more extensively, therefore they are culinary savvy and want to experience individualism as they search for local, fresh and good quality cuisine that reflects the authenticity of the destination (Chon, Pan, Song 2008; Yeoman 2008). Moreover, the influence of the media and the emergence of niche food programmes have influenced the tourism industry as celebrity chefs such as Gordon Ramsey and Jamie Oliver increase our interest in good quality food. Furthermore, the media is now full of magazines, such as Food Travel, Intermezzo, Cuisine, Gourmet Traveller, Australian Gourmet Traveller; radio shows and even entire lifestyle channels, such as Good Food or the Food Network which clearly connect food and tourism. In addition, the world is online. Whether through computers or mobile phones people can constantly read and talk about food, nowadays people blog about it, online restaurant reviews are instantly available and Tripadvisor now produce a list of the best places to eat in each country (Yeoman 2008). According to Chon, Pan, Song (2008) travel trends are becoming more activity-interest based rather than destination based. More and more travellers are deciding what activities they want to take part in first and then choosing the destination which offers them. Many of todays leading destinations offer superb accommodation and attractions, high quality service and facilities and every country claims unique culture and heritage. A s a result, the need for destinations to promote a differentiated product is more critical than ever in order to survive within a globally competitive marketplace (Morgan and Pritchard 2005). Food tourism shapes culinary destinations such as France, Italy and California whereas in emerging destinations such as Croatia, Vietnam and Mexico food plays an important part of the overall experience. Food is essential to the tourist experience, it can change the image of a destination, take for example the city of Las Vegas which was a renowned gambling destination where cuisine was barely an afterthought. This changed dramatically in 1992 when Wolfgang Puck became the first celebrity chef to come to Las Vegas when he opened Spago at the Caesars Palace Forum Shops.   He started a growing culinary revolution in Vegas which paved the way for fine dining restaurants.   At present, majority of the hotels and/or casinos in Vegas have celebrity chef restaurants attracting many tourists eager to sample the best cuisine money can buy (Wolfgang Puck 2010).   There are currently sixteen Michelin Star restaurants in Las Vegas, with Joel Robuchons Restaurant at the MGM Grand currently holding three Michelin stars (Quezada 2010). 2.6 Food Tourism in Ireland According to a Mintel report on Ireland, published in 2009, the food tourism market outperformed the overall tourism market between 2003 and 2007, however, neither has been immune to the effects of the global economic slowdown which has caused the value of the food tourism market to decline by 4% in 2008, and the value of the broader tourism market to decline by 3%. The market for food tourism in Ireland was worth à ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬2.23 billion in 2008. Nonetheless, this figure was a decrease of 4% on 2007 figures and brought an end to a 26% increase between the years 2003 to 2007 (Mintel 2009; Fitzgibbon 2009). According to Tracey Coughlan (2009) from Failte Ireland, the most appealing activities for tourists in Ireland stand as heritage, natural amenities and sports. Sinead OLeary (2002) agrees and in her study of Qualitative and quantitative images of Ireland as a tourism destination in France, French visitors to Ireland were asked to describe their image of Ireland in terms of commo n attribute-based components and holistic aspects. Her findings show that the key images of Ireland remain the welcoming people, the beautiful scenery and the relaxed pace of life. Unfortunately, food did not get a mention, however, beer; most notably Guinness was cited by 37% of French Tourists as an image which is most readily associated with Ireland. This suggests that food has a lower priority when it comes to the primary purpose of visits and as Coughlan (2009) illustrates this is not just among French tourists. Nevertheless, as demonstrated above, the food tourism market is strong; therefore a gap exists in Ireland for a strategic approach to food tourism and the more demanding culinary tourist. As mentioned in the introduction Failte Ireland proposes to develop a Food Tourism Ireland strategy in the future. However, no report has of yet been published by Failte Ireland in relation to Irelands approach to the development of food tourism. Ireland has a wealth of natural opportunities at its doorstep, for example food festivals, fine artisan producers, food trails, high quality local farmers markets and world class cookery schools such as Ballymaloe Cookery School or Dunbrody Cookery School. It can be assumed that such images of Irish food festivals or Irish farmers markets would be beneficial from a food tourism perspective. Tracey Coughlan of Failte Ireland stated that The quality of our food ingredients is recognised worldwide as excellent in terms of both quality and authenticity. While Irish cuisine may not be as renowned as those of our neighbours on the continent, the strength of our basic ingredients beef, lamb, and dairy are a strong selling point. It is therefore suggested that in these challenging times, continuing to create demand for our tourism product is vital. Specialist areas like food and annual events like Harvest Feast are very important in this regard (Failte Ireland 2009). Furthermore, Mintel (2009) report that the quality of food coupled with the availability of local produce are the most influential factors for tourists w hen choosing somewhere to eat. Mintel (2009) also point out that online reviews and guides such as the Michelin guide, the Michelin Pub Guide, and the Bridgestone Guide can be exceptionally influential on tourists choices. However, it must be realised that Ireland face challenges in its task to stimulate further demand from a food tourism perspective. The perception that Irish food is expensive, service related issues (a consistent level of quality is required), Irish food cost issues and the lack of innovation to create new food experiences are of concern (Coughlan 2009). It is therefore suggested that Ireland must build on the success of its food export market and take advantage of its natural opportunities. All the relevant agencies and bodies in Ireland must work together in order to develop a food tourism Ireland strategy which will fully integrate into and support the broader national and regional tourism development objectives. 2.7 Summary According to the literature, food tourism is increasing as an area of research among tourism scholars. However, data on food tourism is scarce. Although primarily a niche activity with a defined and reachable market, food tourism can have an extensive impact on every holiday experience as all tourists have to eat. This creates a connection between the food source and the food destination, as the food consumed by tourists in a place is part of the tourists memory of their visit to that particular holiday destination. As explained, travel trends are becoming more activity-interest based rather than destination based. Furthermore, modern food tourists are better educated and have travelled more extensively. It is apparent from the research that the influence of the media has a major part to play in the recognition of food tourism. Online reviews and guidebooks can be exceptionally influential on tourists choices. As demonstrated above, the food tourism market in Ireland is strong, despi te the lack of a food tourism strategy. Although some issues arise, overall, Ireland has a wealth of natural opportunities available, all of which could be used for the promotion of food tourism. Some tourism agencies such as the CTC have begun to recognise the growing interest in food and have begun to promote Canada as a food tourism destination. It is evident that the interest in food tourism spans across all age groups and the size of the potential market is large. Further analysis of the culinary tourist will be examined in the next chapter.

Consumer Culture Theory (CCT): Twenty Years of Research Essay

Past 20 years: Flurry of Research and studies abot aspects of consumption. CCT presents a non-exhaustive overview about consumption and marketplace behavior: A family of theoretical perspectives that address the dynamic relationships between consumer actions, the marketplace, and cultural meanings. Culture is not seen as a homogenous system of collective meanings, way of life and unified values ( eg. Americans / Asians). CCT explores cultural meanings as being numerous and fragmented – A heterogenous distribution of meanings. Culture therefore is an aglomeration of heterogeneous meanings and different cultural groupings, which are overlapping within a sociohistoric frame and mediated by markets. Consumer culture is viewed as â€Å"social arrangement in which the relations between lived culture and social resources, between meaningful ways of life and the symbolic and material resources on which they depend, are mediated through markets† and consumers as part of an interconnected system of commercially produced products and images which they use to construct their identity and orient their relationships with others. CCT conceptualizes culture as the very fabric of experience, meaning and action It frames consumers’horizons of conceivable action, feeling, and thought, making certain patterns of behavior and sense-making interpretations more likely than others. Demythologizing CCT (3 major misunderstandings in CCT) CCT does NOT particularly study consumption contexts. Theorists study in consumption contexts to gather theory and insight. Investigation of cultural dimensions of consumption IN context. The primary differences between CCT and other traditions of consumer Research are NOT only methodological. Qualitative data and an array of related data collection and analysis techniques have been quite central to CCT, however this methodological predilection follows from the aims that drive CCT rather than from a passion for qualitative data or vivid description per se. CCT focuses on the experiential and sociocultural dimensions of consumption that are not plainly accessible through experiments. (product symbolism, ritual practices, the consumer tories). CCT researchers do not only rely on qualitative methodologies but actually embrace methodological pluralism. CCT research is misperceived in some disciplinary quarters as a sphere of creative expression and managerial irrelevance. However, subsequent developments, such as customer relation management, lifestyle and multicultural marketing, and the proliferation of so-called identity brands, have brought consumer meanings to the center of managerial concerns, and consequently ethnographic methods have become commonplace in applied market research. An understanding of consumer symbolism and lifestyle orientations is essential to successful marketing strategies Illuminating CCT Investigation of the contextual, symbolic, and experiential aspects of consumption as they unfold across a consumption cycle that includes acquisition, consumption and possession, and disposition processes and analysis of these phenomena from macro-, meso-, and micro-theoretical perspectives ? symbolic, embodied, and experiential aspects of acquisition behavior. Consumption and possession practices, particularly their hedonic, aesthetic, and ritualistic dimensions have perhaps been the most widely studied constellation of phenomena identi? ed with the CCT tradition Consumer culture theory explores how consumers actively rework and transform symbolic meanings encoded in advertisements, brands, retail settings, or material goods to manifest their particular personal and social circumstances and further their identity and lifestyle goals. Research programs CCT Research cut across the process-oriented categories of acquisition, consumption, and disposition in way that the theoretical scope of marketing research transcends the 4Ps framework. It has advanced consumer behavior with knowledge of sociocultural processes and structures of: Consumer identity projects: Marketplace is seen as a source of symbolic values and consumers as Identity seekers and – makers. It includes several studies on ways in which consumers pursue personally edifying goals and create a coherent self-identity through consumption and the marketplace in general. Marketplace culture: features of the marketplace-culture intersection. Consumers are seen as culture producers (Traditionally Anthropological: people as culture bearers). How does the emergence of consumption as a dominant human practice reconfigure cultural blueprints for action and interpretation? â€Å"creation of consumption worlds or microcultures through the pursuit of consumption† Sociohistoric patterning of consumption: s the institutional and social structures that systematically influence consumption (class, community, ethnicity, gender). Consumers = enactors of social roles and positions. Study of â€Å"Consumer society† (influence of gender, ethnicity, social class hierarchy, families) Mass-mediated marketplace ideologies and consumers’ interpretive strategies: Normative message s about consumption transmitted by media and consumers’ response. Consumers are perceived as interpretive agents, that either tacitly embracing the dominant representation of consumer identity and lifestyle ideals portrayed in the media or consciously deviating from these ideological instructions Consumer ideology as a systems of meaning that tend to channel and reproduce consumers’ thoughts and actions in such a way as to defend dominate interests in society. It is increasingly influenced by economic and cultural globalization. Cultural production systems (e. g. marketing communications) orient consumers toward certain ideologies or identity projects. (raising criticisms of identity play, capitalism and marketing) Basically, CCT is concerned with Cultural Meanings, Sociohistoric Influences and Social Dynamics that shape consumer experiences and identities. Consumption is seen as a historically shaped mode of sociocultural practice within the structures and ideological imperatives of dynamic marketplaces.

Crime As A Social Matter - 902 Words

With the ever-growing crimes in Paris, crimes became a social matter and not an individual matter. Instead of looking for the problem within an individual, it needs to be looked for in society to overcome the deadly violences. In 1930s Paris, Maza mean by a ‘culture of crime’ as a time period where a large number of crimes have occurred including the famously reported and hidden away in secrets. The importance of the ‘culture of crime’ allowed movement and flexibility of the lower social class to a family of bourgeois and for women to stand up to men to stop sexual abuse. The increasing number of crimes in Paris, this allowed for the establishment for low to middle classes to pursue the life of a bourgeois. No longer was there only three social classes, instead classes in between the existing ones started to show such as the low-middle class or the middle-high class. This phenomenon started with the crime news category in daily newspapers called faits divers, which was the inspiration for the best magazine, Dà ©tective, that served as the reader’s eyes and ears of criminal and dangerous milieus (180). It changed the families of skilled workers because brought thrills and a sense of connection, of the up to date on the information of the city’s foul deeds right in their own living room since it was affordable at the price of one franc fifty. It was essential to know what kind of unlawful act occurred and where it took place as a reassurance to ones safety because the wrongfulShow MoreRelatedChicago Torture Video : 4 Changes With Hate Cri mes, Kidnapping1339 Words   |  6 Pagesâ€Å"Chicago Torture Video: 4 Changes with Hate Crimes, Kidnapping† by CNN. The event is about the four young people who kidnapped and tortured a disabled white man on the 6th of January 2017. The suspects included two girls named Brittany Covington- age 18, Tanishia Covington- age 24, and two men- Tesfaye Cooper and Jordan Hill both 18 years of age. The defendants faced questions on the same issue about the video that the defendants streamed on some social sites like Facebook. The incidence happenedRead MoreCrime: Over the past 3 decades, crime has continued to be a major issue that has attracted huge600 Words   |  3 PagesCrime: Over the past 3 decades, crime has continued to be a major issue that has attracted huge public concern characterized with discussion and action that are usually unbalanced and not likely to lessen crime rates. The public concern has also been accompanied by political action and major public expenditure to reduce such incidents. Political discussion and actions as well as public expenditure have played a major role in the reduction of crime rates in the recent past. Recent reports haveRead MoreCrime Statistics : Police Crime Records And Court And Prison Figures916 Words   |  4 PagesCRIME STATISTICS IN THE UK OFFICIAL CRIME STATISTICS Official crime statistics are obtained from ‘the records kept by the police and other official agencies’ (Moore, Aiken, Chapman 2006, p. 267). These records are gathered and published by the Home Office. According to Moore and Sinclair (1995) for an action to be officially categorised as a crime it should be considered as deviant and reported to the police. Then, the police should respond in the way which will start the legal process. There areRead MoreCrime Is Necessary: Durkheim’s Theory of Crime729 Words   |  3 PagesCrime can not be removed completely from society because it will always be the necessary unacceptable norm that can be located in all forms of societies around the world. Crime is regarded, by many people such as politicians and other people of everyday society, as horrid and unnecessary. Emile Durkheim believes that crime is normal and it isnt possible for it to not exist. If crime is everywhere and in no area has crime ever been successfully eradicated then we should assume it is there for a reasonRead MoreUsing Social Media For More Than Being Social1322 Words   |  6 PagesUsing Social Media for More than Being Social As someone who has lived here all of my life, I feel I can confidently say, Florida is a strange place. No, not because extended family in other states think we visit Disney World every weekend or wrestle alligators in our spare time, but for other reasons. For the record, I have not been to Disney since I was about twelve and could not be paid enough to even touch an alligator, but I have seen firsthand just how many strange people are here. ThankfullyRead More4.Sociology Is The Study Of Society Using Empirical Investigation,1072 Words   |  5 Pagesinvestigation, data analysis, and assessment of theory to explore social life. It is also the study of societies influence on a person and the world around them. Sociology is one of the social sciences – disciplines that examine the human or social world. In summary, sociology is the study of human groups and societies, giving emphasis to analysis of the cultures and subcultures of the industrialized world. There are many soc ial factors to sociology such as: religion, ethnicity, race, class, genderRead MoreSocial Media And Its Effect On Society1496 Words   |  6 PagesSocial Media: Some say it is taking over our lives one day at a time, while others say today’s generation of children and teens are just the beginning of a technological revolution that will continue to benefit and make our lives easier one day at a time. Through studying the technological benefits as well as more simply growing up in a technological era, the benefits of social media in our everyday lives becomes more and more clear as opposed to being a nuisance to society as some suggest. SocialRead MoreThe Uniform Crime Report1333 Words   |  6 PagesIt is unfortunate that crime exists in our daily lives. There really is no way to stopping crime completely, no matter how many laws or punishment are present, people will continue to keep breaking rules. There are many theories of why that may be the case, for example, Caesar Lo mbroso and his â€Å"atavistic† theory with the Positivist School theory and how people were â€Å"born criminals†, or the Rational Choice Theory, devised by Cornish and Clarke, described that people could think rationally and howRead MoreCrime Is An Act Against The Law1334 Words   |  6 PagesCrime is an act against the law where the consequence of conviction by a court is punishment is a serious one such as imprisonment. The Oxford English Dictionary states that crime is: - â€Å"An act punishable by law, as being forbidden by statute or injurious to the public welfare†¦An evil or injurious act; an offence, a sin†. The government usually set laws that the people must follow, punishment is given for those who lighten those laws. The legal or criminal justice system applies the law and punishesRead MoreMabry Agency Case Study984 Words   |  4 PagesIn countless areas there are higher crime rates, and often specific locations stand out and require additi onal services. Police agencies have spent years trying to find the perfect technique for equally distributing effected resources to advance hot spots. The Mabry agency which is in Harmony, Florida is no different, since their crime rates are on the rise. Which is why we are implementing a new policing program that involves hot spots, and a planned outcome evaluation. The purpose for using hot

Essay Analysis of Norman Bates - 1170 Words

The character I chose to analyze is Norman Bates. Norman Bates originated as the main character in Alfred Hitchcocks movie Psycho. In the movie Psycho, Norman is a middle-aged who runs a motel. He is a psychotic serial killer with many psychological issues. More recently Norman Bates became the main character in a television show called Bates Motel. In the show, we see Norman in his teenage years. This is where we see Normans psychological issues begin to develop. As a teenage Norman, we also get to see more of Normans relationship with his mother. When Bates Motel begins, Norman seems to be a normal teenage boy, who is a bit of an introvert. He prefers school work and reading to going out and being social. He has an extremely†¦show more content†¦Then we see Norman go a little crazy. She kills a man, stabbing him several times after he attempts to rape her. Norman sees it and helps his mom cover it up. We see him as he begins to black out and can see him change. Norman also seems to hallucinate while in these black-outs or fugue states. He sees his mom who tells him while he is in this state that everything is his fault and he needs to fix it. However in the process he gets woken up. His mom then asks what he is doing and he tells her he is doing what she told him to do. She says that she did not tell him to do that. She then realizes that Norman is having blackout episodes but protects him instead of getting him help. Norman can not remember anything from his fugue states. Later we learn that Norman killed his dad. His dad was fighting with Norma and it was getting physical. Norman was washing dishes and blacks out and then hits his dad over the head killing him. Norma is shocked and then tells Norman to go to his room, as he is still out of it and he goes to his room. That is when Norma moves the body to the garage and sets it up like he died from an accident. She protects Norman. After Norman wakes up from the black out, he finds his dad and does n ot remember anything. He believes his dad fell and hit his head. He thought it was an accident, later on in the show he starts to suspect his mother of killing his father. At this time Norman is also having normal teenage moments andShow MoreRelatedNorman Bates1736 Words   |  7 Pages2014 Norman Bates: Two Lives Within A Soul Sigmund Freud s Psychoanalytic Theory of Personality Development states that there is a structural model of the psyche, which splits the human identity into three instances of Ego, Superego, and ID. In Psychoanalytic Stage of Development, there are five stages: Oral, Anal, Phallic, Latency, and Genital. Even though Sigmund Freud never was writing about the movie _Psycho_, theories of Freud, have a great connection with the personality of Norman Bates. AccordingRead MoreThe Child That Lives From Within1681 Words   |  7 Pagespsychopathic behaviour is innate or a product of a social environment. Recently, nurture-based theories has gained credibility in understanding how a child’s upbringings can trigger psychopathic behaviour. In the movie Psycho by Alfred Hitchcock, Norman Bates’ downfall proposes how crucial a healthy childhood is to mental health rather than biological vulnerability. Contrary to nature-focused beliefs, not all human behaviour comes from an individu al’s genetic makeup, but rather through experiences thatRead MoreThe Child That Lives From Within1611 Words   |  7 PagesAlfred Hitchcock, Norman Bates’ downfall proposes how crucial a healthy childhood is to the mental state of developing child. Contrary to nature focused beliefs, not all human behaviour comes from an individual’s genetic makeup, but rather through experiences that become ingrained in the mind like scripture (Cooke 25). Theories proposed by Sigmund Freud and other research comparing the relation between psychopathy and environment can help to rationalize the reasons behind Norman Bates’ unsuccessful childhoodRead MoreThe Analysis of the Film Psycho by Alfred Hitchcock Essay1450 Words   |  6 PagesThe Analysis of the Film Psycho by Alfred Hitchcock Write a magazine article in which you discuss Psycho’s Enduring appeal as one of the great films of cinema. Discuss some specific techniques used by Hitchcock which create tension and suspense for the audience. With lower budgets, very basic special effects and black and white picture, Alfred Hitchcock’s psycho still manages to grind out the suspense to compete with today’s blockbuster hits. With some of the mostRead MoreAnalysis Of Alfred Hitchcock s Use Of Mis En Scene1312 Words   |  6 Pagesmurder by the hotel manager. (Coon, 2012) What contrasts between Psycho and Rear Window is the idea of exhibitionism. Unlike Rear windows cluster of buildings, in Psycho the setting of the Bates motel is a mere two buildings placed at a distance from each other. This separation metaphorically portrays the split in Normans personality, ultimately creating a more imaginative asks of the audience, rather than their ability to bare witness. (Coon, 2012) Since ‘Rear Window’ is structured primarily on a visualRead MoreFilm Analysis of Alfred Hitchcocks Psycho2250 Words   |  9 PagesFilm Analysis of Alfred Hitchcock’s â€Å"Psycho† Introduction â€Å"Psycho† (1960) is based on a novel of the same name by Robert Bloch. The film was directed by Hollywood legend, Alfred Hitchcock. The screen play was written by Joseph Stephano and based on the real life crimes of serial killer, Ed Gein. The film stars Janet Leigh, Anthony Perkins, John Gavin and Vera Miles. The film garnered four academy award nominations and widely regarded as one of Hitchcock’s best films. It spawned two sequels, aRead MorePsycho And A Game Of Thrones1608 Words   |  7 Pagesdecision or not. When she meets with motel owner Norman Bates, a discussion about self-imprisonment arises, this then leads Marion to ironically figure out that her unforgettable act for freedom has in fact imprisoned her as she is now a fugitive must be on the run for the rest of her life or spend time in prison. Self-imprisonment is shown when Marion says â€Å"Sometimes†¦ we walk into those traps deliberately†¦Ã¢â‚¬  As Marion finishes dining with Norman she returns to her room and decides to face the consequencesRead MoreCrime: A Popular Genre in Literature and Films1232 Words   |  5 Pagessystem. This paper focuses on four crime texts that are formally innovative, calling into question the applica bility of traditional moral values (right versus wrong), and the ease with which even ordinary people can become implicated in crime. The analysis progresses in chronological order, beginning with three film texts Double Indemnity (1944), Rear Window (1954), Psycho (1960) and culminating in an examination of Tom Stoppards 1968 play The Real Inspector Hound. Through examining the formal structureRead MoreAnalysis of Psycho Essay1989 Words   |  8 PagesAnalysis of Psycho Psycho, originally released in 1957 as a novel written by Robert Bloch, is now better known as a film by the true master of suspense, Alfred Hitchcock. The version was first viewed by the audience on a big screen in 1960. Taking on the role of the editor and director, he created a film that merely survived the censorship laws. In the course of making the film he broke all film conventions at the time by displaying its leading female having lunch inRead MoreAlfred Hitchcocks Psycho992 Words   |  4 PagesAlfred Hitchcock’s film â€Å"Psycho† created a tremendous impact on 60’s American films. Hitchcock powerfully describes the murder scene of Marion, while taking a shower at Bates Motel. Viewers and critics of the film believe that it is unconventional and overly violent for young viewers eyes, but some analysts think that it is a form of deconstruction, a new structure of horror film that Hitchcock wants to share. Different perspectives and ideas emerge because of the murder scene in the film, but still