Handmaids Tale - Manipulation of Power Essay - 1257 Words

THE HANDMAID’S TALE Grade 11 English Analytical Essay Words: 1 245 Margaret Atwood’s The Handmaid’s Tale is a disturbing novel that displays the presence and manipulation of power. This is displayed throughout the novel and is represented significantly in three ways. As the book takes place in the republic of Gilead, the elite in society are placed above every other individual who are not included in their level. Secondly, men are placed at the top of the chain and they significantly overpower women in the society (elite or not). Finally the individuals within the elite society also overpower each other and have their own separate roles. This can be interpreted as a chain. Men of the elite are placed at the top, the men who less elite†¦show more content†¦These were the ‘unwomen’ and the gender traitors. For example, in the novel, it was stated that ‘there are three new bodies on the Wall’ (the ‘Wall’ was referred to where the freshly executed bodies were displayed). Two out of the three ‘have purple placards hung around their necks [that read] Gender Treachery†¦ [not to mention that] their bodies [were] still [dressed in] the Guardians’ uniform’ [pg 53]. As this routine continues the cycle is kept running in order to keep the elite society ‘pure’. Therefore, those who are considered as ‘contaminating’ the elites must be eliminated. Secondly, as stated before the men in the elite society are placed higher than all women. Despite being classified into different groups, women seemed to be placed at the bottom as they are once again stripped from their own independence and rights. This is shown in the book as the women are reassigned to their former jobs as tools for reproduction, cleaning and cooking. They are categorized through their duties and they all serve the men of the elite society, particularly the commander. Thus in creating this arrangement, women are completely inferior to men and have almost no power over them. However, in some cases it is different. For example, Serena Joy who is the wife of a commander has a higher status than someone like Nick, the commander’s chauffer or one of theShow MoreRelatedThe Handmaid s Tale : Manipulation Of Power1516 Words   |  7 Pageschanges Manipulation of Power in The Handmaid s Tale 116PAGES ON THIS WIKI View source Comments0 Anna Krainc Prof. Richards Gender in Literature 29 January 2013 Manipulation of Power in The Handmaid’s Tale The Handmaid’s Tale tells the story of a future dystopia where individuals use power from their position in society to manipulate others. The Commander, a high-up in Gilead’s hierarchy, initiates a forbidden, though at first non-sexual, affair with his Handmaid and uses his power to directRead More Essay on A Society of Oppression in A Handmaids Tale745 Words   |  3 PagesA Society of Oppression in A Handmaids Tale      Ã‚   As the saying goes, history repeats itself. If one of the goals of Margaret Atwood was to prove this particular point, she certainly succeeded in her novel A Handmaids Tale. In her Note to the Reader, she writes, The thing to remember is that there is nothing new about the society depicted in The Handmaidens Tale except the time and place. All of the things I have written about ...have been done before, more than once... (316). AtwoodRead MoreHandmaids1019 Words   |  5 Pagesgood text revolves not only around its content, but also its language and construction. This notion articulates profoundly within Margaret Atwood’s novel A Handmaid’s Tale as it is, after all, the author’s manipulation of the language and construction which enacts as vehicles towards the reader’s understanding of the content. A Handmaid’s Tale is a confrontational post-modern work of feminist dystopian fiction; it depicts a protagonist’s struggle to adapt to a totalitarian and theocratic state whereRead MoreThe Handmaid s Tale By Margaret Atwood1516 Words   |  7 PagesThe Handmaid’s Tale, by Margaret Atwood, explores the idea of physical and mental oppression through hierarchy, patriarchy, manipulation of history, surveillance and finally, community identity; hence the main character’s name â€Å"Offred† or ‘Of-Fred’ if you will. 1984, by George Orwell, covers this by including configuration of language; the characters have a new language called â€Å"Newspeak† and are also constantly watched by the government and the â€Å"Thought Police.† The hierarchy in The Handmaid’s TaleRead MoreThe Handmaid s Tale By Margaret Atwood1225 Words   |  5 PagesThe novel, â€Å"The Handmaid’s Tale†, by Margaret Atwood, explores the role of women in a fictional patriarchal society. Women in the novel are seen as property of a man and they live under a strict set of enforced rules and guidelines that male society has deemed appropriate. These patriarchal beliefs are so entrenched in the society that many women either believe the ideals or have been subconsciously influenced by society. Most of the women in the novel were â€Å"products of society† with their personalitiesRead MorePower Struggle In The Handmaids Tale By Margaret Atwood1373 Words   |  6 PagesMargaret Atwood both explore power struggle from a feminist perspective. Shakespeare in ‘King Lear’ and Atwood in ‘The Handmaid’s Tale’ explore varying power struggles and their correlation to gender through their res pective texts. Shakespeare and Atwood use the genders of their central characters to focus on power in historical and dystopian settings. Both authors explore religious frameworks, the types of power in a patriarchal society, and the implications of gender on power through use of stylisticRead MoreThe Handmaid s Tale By Margaret Atwood1060 Words   |  5 Pagesto be subjugated. The Handmaid’s Tale by Margaret Atwood plays on this idea dramatically: the novel describes the oppression of women in a totalitarian theocracy. Stripped of rights, fertile women become sex objects for the politically elite. These women, called the Handmaids, are forced to cover themselves and exist for the sole purpose of providing children. The Handmaid’s Tale highlights the issue of sexism while also providing a cruel insight into the manipulation of power seen in the modern worldRead MoreRepresentation of Different Social and Cultural Forces in The Handmaids Tale by Atweeon and Hard Times b y Dickens2490 Words   |  10 PagesForces in The Handmaids Tale by Atweeon and Hard Times by Dickens â€Å"Masses of labourers, organised like soldiers, are daily and hourly enslaved by the machine, by the over-looker and above all by the individual bourgeois manufacturer himself†, Karl Marx in his Manifesto of the Communist Party 1848 here highlights the state portrayed through Charles Dickens’s ‘Hard Times’. Margaret Atwood highlights the similarity with her book saying â€Å"it is a study of power, and how it Read MoreAbuse of Power in the Handmaids Tale1174 Words   |  5 Pagestotalitarian society created by Margaret Atwood in the Handmaid’s Tale, there are many people and regimes centred around and reliant on the manipulation of power. The laws that are in place in the republic of Gilead are designed and implemented so as to control and restrict the rights and freedom of its inhabitants. In the republic of Gilead, there are many rules and restrictions within all levels of the community, wives, econowives, common men and handmaid’s included, which limit the goings-on of the peopleRead More`` The Handmaid s Tale `` By Margaret Atwood And Gary Ross1542 Words   |  7 Pagesreveals the present’ The 1986 Novel ‘The Handmaid’s Tale’ written by Margaret Atwood and Gary Ross’ 2012 film ‘The Hunger Games’ are dystopian texts that reflect the genre of dystopian literature and the context in which they were composed. The conventional themes through which they do this are uniformity, technology and removal from present time as well as how these concepts are manipulated to create new meanings. In Atwood’s 1986 novel ‘The Handmaid’s Tale’ the theme of uniformity, conventional

Telecommunications Law Free Essays

Telecom Law and Regulation Professor: David Olson September 14, 2012 Week 2 Case Study What is the natural monopoly ? Natural Monopoly is a monopoly that exists because the cost of producing the product (i. e. , a good or a service) is lower due to economies of scale if there is just a single producer than if there are several competing producers. We will write a custom essay sample on Telecommunications Law or any similar topic only for you Order Now (http://www. linfo. org/natural_monopoly. html) Today, telecommunications technology affects lives to a greater degree than ever before. Communication has evolved over many years from the earliest attempts at verbal communication to the use of sophisticated technology to enhance the ability to communicate effectively with others. A natural monopoly is said to exist in an market where the costs of production are such that it is less expensive for demand to be bet by one firm than it would be for that same demand to be met by more than one firm (Benjamin et al. , 2005). Every time a telephone call is made, a television is watched, or a personal computer is used, benefits of telecommunication technologies are being received. The American television industry is presently undergoing rapid change. Where once there was a limit on viewing options imposed by scarcity of electro-magnetic spectrum, confining most views to handful of channels that were dominated by three COM distribution systems, cable television is emerging now as â€Å" the television of abundance,† (Sloan Commission, New York 1981). A natural monopoly is said to exist in any market where the costs of production are such that it is less expensive for demand to be met by one firm than it would be for that same demand to be met by more than one firm (Benjamin et al. , 2005). Examples of natural monopolies are railway systems and telephones systems. All the phones should be connected and network together to attain the highest benefit. The monopoly is called natural because many competitors in these markets tend to die out leaving just one or a few providers for any given geographic area. But, the essence of the concept of a natural monopoly is there, that these are markets that end to have one or few providers. I believe that the government should treat telephones, cable and/or broadcasting companies has a natural monopoly. The technology industry has been a major problem in areas of the United States. Before wireless transmission really ever became a reality, cable was the ruler. After reading and viewing information about this topic customers live in around of the U. S. A that have limited cable service providers in their area and there is only one Cable Company to choose from which proves a natural monopoly. It has been verified time and time again about the lack of competition, the patrons are the ones who pay more for cable services. More over, the absences of superiority programming that the providers were not motivated to provide better service to consumers. The Commission is not the only regulatory authority showing interest in cable television over the years. Local government has also been quite active in the regulation of local cable providers. Indeed, local governments for a long time insisted that cable providers apply to them for permission to be a local â€Å"cable franchisee† and local governments would often extract costly concessions from cable providers in exchange for granting those franchise rights (Benjamin et al. , 2005) The notion of having competition may end up costing more doesn’t prove to be true in most cases, in general having the opportunity to choose the best providers with what is needed on service is far better than having dismal programming and choices. It is in the preferences and providers having all the choices for the consumers that are of benefit and one that is a win-win. Competition does not necessarily prove the notion that it costs more for hardware and software, that these are designed to be able to provide maximum number of customers. The concept of telecommunications may be defined as the transmission of information from one location to another by electronic means. Telecommunications is using electronic systems to communicate. Life is constantly changing and has been shifting faster since the rapid advancements in telecommunication. For the reason that ongoing attempts to find improved and supplementary efficient ways to communicate, the process of communication has gradually enhanced and I believe it will continue to do so. References: The Linux Information Project (2005). Natural Monopoly Definition. Retrieved 9/11/2012 from http:// (http://www. linfo. org/natural_monopoly. html) Benjamin, Douglas Gary Lichtman, Howard Shelanski, and Philip J. Weiser, (2006). Telecommunications Law and Policy Sloan Commission, (1981). On the Cable: The Television of Abundance How to cite Telecommunications Law, Essay examples

Australian Tax Laws Capital Gain Tax

Question: Discuss about theAustralian Tax Lawsfor Capital Gain Tax. Answer: Introduction As per the provision of Australian tax laws, if person is resident in the country, he would be eligible to claim all the benefits that are related and applicable on a resident as provided in the law. In the given case, Fred has entered into a contact where he has agreed to ale out his holiday home at Blue Mountains. In agreement of sale he has received $800,000 in February In relation to ensure that the sale took place, he has incurred legal fees of $1100 (Inclusive of GST) and real estate agents commission of $9,900 (Inclusive of GST). The holiday home that has been sold by him above was purchased in the year 1987 for $100,000. Fred in addition to the purchase consideration paid $2,000 as stamp duty on the transfer and $1000 as legal fees. In the 1990, he further incurred $20,000 on building of a garage on the property. For an individual there are majorly two sources of income one is the ordinary income and the one is the income from sale of capital asset. The income from ordinary sources refers to the income that has been earned by the person form the normal course of operations. For example: The income that an individual has earned from carrying out the normal day to day business operations are covered under the definition of ordinary income. On the other hand, the capital gain refers to the income that the person has earned from the sale of capital assets. The definition of capital asset whose income earned is defined in the income tax law. Any loss that has been booked by the person in the prior years from sale of capital asset can be carried forward and could be set off from the capital gain income that has been earned by the person in the coming years. Further being time is money, the sale of capital assets enjoys the benefit of indexation, the indexation bases has been determined by the incom e tax act and based on the same the purchase price of the asset is inflated and thus accordingly the capital gain or loss is determined. Further, any cost that has been incurred by the person in bringing the asset into a saleable form will form part of the purchase consideration and would be deducted will calculating the capital gain or loss from the asset. For a person who has been covered in the definition of resident, any capital gain that has been earned by him in anywhere in the world would be covered in the definition of capital gain as per Australian tax laws and would be taxed in the hands of the assessee. In the given case, Fred has received $800,000 has sales proceeds in return for the holiday home. He has incurred legal fees of $1100 (Inclusive of GST) and real estate agents commission of $9,900 (Inclusive of GST). Thus, in total $11,000 will be considered as cost and will be reduced from the sales proceeds at times of computing the capital gain on the property. No credit will be allowed for the GST portion being Fred is an individual who would not be eligible to claim any benefit for input GST credit. As per the provision of Australian tax laws, if any capital gain has been earned by a person from his main residence, the same would be exempt from the tax law. In the given case, it has been provided that the house at the Blue Mountains is a holiday home for Fred, thus the same would not be regarded as main residence, and hence the same would be taxable in the hands of Fred. Particular Amount Sales Proceeds of Holiday Home $ 800,000 Less: Legal fees paid $ (1,100) Less: Agent commission $ (9,000) Purchase consideration (After indexation) $ (186,536) Capital Gain $ 603,364 Particular Amount Purchase consideration (before indexation) $ 100,000 Stamp duty $ 2,000 Legal Fees $ 1,000 Building of Garage $ 20,000 Total cost $ 123,000 CPI for quarter ending 30 September 1999 68.7 CPI for quarter in which expenditure was incurred 45.3 Purchase consideration (After indexation) $ 186,536 Fred has some $10,000 worth of capital loss from sale of shares that he has booked in the last year. In that case, as per the provision of Australian tax laws, an individual can carry forward the capital loss that he/she has incurred in the prior years and can offset the same in the year in which they have made capital gain. However, there are some exemptions which need to be considered prior to offsetting the capital loss of the prior years. These exemptions are discussed below: Any capital loss that has arisen from sale of personal assets. Any capital loss arising from sale of exempt assets like s car and motor cycles, Any capital loss arising from sale of antiques, paintings and other collectibles. Now, in the given case, Fred has incurred losses from sale of shares in the last year, being sale of shares does not form part of the above list, thus, Fred can set off the losses from the capital gain made in the current year. Further, if the loss would have incurred on sale of some antique vase, then in that case no loss would be set off being the same fall under the definition of exemption discussed above. References ATO, Exemption to Capital gain tax, viewed on 25th Sept 2016, https://www.ato.gov.au/General/capital-gains-tax/cgt-exemptions,-rollovers-and-concessions/exemptions/ ATO, Indexation to Capital gain tax, viewed on 25th Sept 2016, https://www.ato.gov.au/General/Capital-gains-tax/In-detail/Calculating-a-capital-gain-or-loss/The-indexation-method-of-calculating-your-capital-gain/ ATO, Exemption to Capital loss carry forward, viewed on 25th Sept 2016, https://www.ato.gov.au/General/Capital-gains-tax/Working-out-your-capital-gain-or-loss/Working-out-your-net-capital-gain-or-loss/#capital_losses_you_must_disregard

Why Abortion should be illegal Essay Example Essay Example

Why Abortion should be illegal Essay Example Paper Why Abortion should be illegal Essay Introduction Why Abortion should be illegal BY rnwitry0993 Why Abortion Should Be Illegal Many people around the world view abortion as a normal life event for many women. However, people are unaware of the psychological effect this leaves on the women. More is lost than Just a baby. Mind, body, and loved ones can also be involved in effects from an abortion. The father and society as a whole are two other large things to consider into the situation of abortion. More than likely abortion has occurred or been related to every person in some way considering that â€Å"One baby is aborted every 26 seconds in the United States. Minnesota Citizens) Christopher Jacoby tells us in his article, â€Å"Side Effects of Abortion,† that â€Å"The thought of abortion for some women can be a source for emotional and mental disorder. Many women see that they have the choice to decide. † Oacoby) However, there are other people involved. Abortion not only affects the women that have them. The psycho logical effects of an abortion affect the mother, father and society and therefore abortion should be illegal. The first person that comes to mind when thinking about an abortion is the mother. She is the person who will have to suffer the physical pain of birthing a child. The woman is mentally affected in different ways. James C. Coyne author of â€Å"Negative Mental Health Effects of Abortion† tells us, women who have had a history of abortion have increased rates of anxiety, depression, alcohol misuse, marijuana use, and suicidal behavior compared to those who have not had an abortion. Women who have aborted are at a 55% higher risk of mental health problems compared to a woman with an unplanned pregnancy that research analyst Kira Foster, and Professor Tracy Weitz, 21 women who have had abortions were interviewed. This study explored the experiences of women who had egative emotional outcomes following abortion. Several of the participants had experienced more than one a bortion. Eighteen of the women reported having experienced emotional difficulty which included crying, anxiety, sadness and regret. The abortion experience was especially difficult when the woman’s romantic or sexual partner expressed a specific wish or pressure for the outcome of the pregnancy. How the family members respond to the pregnancy also affects the woman’s decision for an abortion. Why Abortion should be illegal Essay Body Paragraphs Some participants in this study say, they felt ‘backed into a corner’ to have the abortion even though they wanted to continue the regnancy. The shame of an abortion as well as lack of emotional support contributes to the women’s emotional and psychological distress post-abortion. (Kimport) This is a story that authors Ruth Kelly and Eimear O’Hagan tells of how abortion can mentally affect someone’s life. A woman named Sarah Giles tells how she had an abortion. She said, ‘l was only six weeks pregnant when I had my abortion, and even then I had bonded with my baby. She is proof that there are early connections toa living being. She also tells us, ‘It was two years ago and I haven’t been the same since. She continues to describe the day she went for her abortion. There were about 20 other woman going in that day and they were all herded in like cattle. It was horrible. ‘ After her abortion she saw many women around her sobbing , and the staff sitting in the office Just ignoring them all. Sarah tells how two years after the abortion she still feels regret and that she and her boyfriend made the wrong choice and the abortion nearly split them up. She also says how she sees pregnant women or mothers with young children who are so happy and thinks to herself, that couldVe been me,’ and it makes her cry. (O’Hagan) This story provides strong evidence of how mentally effected this woman was from her abortion. Women usually experience emotional side effects of an abortion. Minnesota Citizens Concerned for life state that â€Å"78% of all Americans believe women who have had an abortion commonly experience severe to very severe negative emotional reactions to the abortions. (Minnesota Citizens) According to Christopher Jacoby, â€Å"These side effects are sometimes referred to as post-traumatic stress. Effects include feelings of guilt that lead to eating disorders. Women can experience disturbance s in family life and sexual life. Stress can result in being fired from a workplace because when she is stressed, she might not be able to work properly. They may also not feel like giving birth to another child in the future. † Oacoby) A woman is highly emotionally and mentally affected from an abortion and also physically affected. These emotions and effects can come from any method of abortion. Jacoby tells us, one method is surgical abortion which is performed by means of surgery using tools and anesthesia to physically remove the baby. Some smaller effects include vomiting and nausea. Some other possible effects include bleeding which is usually common. In some cases the uterus gets punctured or cervix is torn; this might lead to intense bleeding following a blood transfusion to control it. The use of anesthesia is important but can also cause a heart attack, shaking, and even causes death. During surgery, the tools used might cause birth in the future can also occur. Oac oby) Author Roger W. Harms tells us in his article, â€Å"Getting Pregnant† about how â€Å"Vaginal bleeding during early pregnancy, preterm birth, or low birth weight in future babies are other possibilities. Placenta Previa is when the placenta partially or completely covers the cervix, which can cause evere bleeding before or during delivery. † (Harms) Author Jacoby also states that, A medical abortion is another form of abortion by taking a pill. This method seems very easy but has basically the same amount of effects as surgical abortion. Long- term side effects are sometimes also including abnormal side effects in the future and it has also been researched that women who have had an abortion have higher chances of getting breast cancer in the future. People see abortion as a way to get rid of their problems but this theory has been proven wrong. Oacoby) Abortion not nly affects a woman physically but also affects her emotionally and mentally. The result of killin g somebody who has not even been seen is very depressing and can result in life being completely changed. The mother is one of the most important people in making the decision about abortion; however she is not the only important person. The father was half of the reason the pregnancy came about. Without the father, there would be no pregnancy. Author Annie McElfresh tells us in her article, â€Å"Emotional Side Effects of an Abortion,† that â€Å"Most couples experience many of the effects of grief and loss together. The emotional and mental effects that leave a mark on women can be the same for men. † (McElfresh) The Abortion Recovery International Inc. ells us in their article, â€Å"The Impact of Abortion on Men,† that, Men are usually left standing in the shadows. Their suffering is more ‘silent’ than the mothers. A few different effects that men experience than women are anger and they may even become reckless in their behavior. Some men are e ven in denial of the whole abortion experience. They may not realize that the abortion is the reason for the feelings they are experiencing. Some men will draw themselves socially away rom others allowing it to bottle up and eat them away inside. Our culture shows us that men should be strong and courageous. Men are not known to be the ones to show their emotions, this being another reason they do not come out and open up with how they are truly feeling. They do not want to come off as weak. This is a common pattern with post abortion fathers. (Abortion Recovery International Inc) Many people do not realize that abortion does not need to be an option. According to the Minnesota Citizens Concerned for life, â€Å"Only 69% of all women want to know the alternatives to an abortion. (Minnesota Citizens) There are other options. Adoption is an alternative to abortion and accomplishes the same result of not having to raise that child for the rest of someone’s life. It is still giv ing the innocent child the chance at life. Linda Lowen also tells us that â€Å"With the 15 million American families wanting to adopt a child, there is no such thing as an unwanted child. † (Lowen) If people are old enough to involve themselves in sexual intercourse, they should be old enough to understand what comes out of it. There are many obvious ways to prevent pregnancy before the situation comes to making a crisis ecision of whether or not to keep or abort a child. Every person has or had a family or people who are close to them. Can you imagine not having that special person in your life because their parents chose not to give them their life, or watching a loved could have debated whether or not to have them. To put a loved one’s life in perspective brings this topic a little closer to heart. Don’t take away someone’s someday loved one. Don’t watch that loved one suffer because they didn’t have that baby. The psychological effects of an abortion affect the mother, father and society and therefore abortions should be illegal in the United States. Work Cited Abortion Recovery International Inc. â€Å"The Impact of Abortion on Men. † Airn Care Directory Line. 2008-2009. web 3 May, 2013. Agresti, Coyne, James C. â€Å"Negative Mental Health Effects of Abortion. † Psychology Today. 24 Oct, 2011. Web 7 May, 2013. http://www. psychologytoday. com/blog/the-skeptical- sleuth/201110/negative-mental-health-effects-abortion Harms, Roger W. â€Å"Getting Pregnant. † Mayo Clinic. 10 Aug, 2012. Web 6 May, 2013. Jacoby, Christopher. â€Å"Side Effects of Abortion. † Health Guidance. Web 3 May, 2013. Kimport, Katrina, Kira Foster, and Tracy Weitz. â€Å"Social Sources of Women’s Emotional Difficulty After Abortion: Lessons from Women’s Abortion Narratives Perspectives on Sexual and Reproductive Health. † Wiley Online Library. 2011. 43(2):103-109, dot: 10. 1363/4310311 Lowen, L inda. â€Å"10 Abortion Arguments† Women’s Issues. 2013. Web 7 May, 2013. Minnesota Citizens Concerned for Life. â€Å"United States Abortion Statistics. † MCCL. 2012. web 3 May, 2013. McElfresh, Annie. â€Å"Emotional Side Effects of an Abortion. † Livestrong. 28 March, 2011. web 3 May, 2013. O’Hagan, Eimear and Ruth Kelly. â€Å"What WE Think of Abortion by the Women Who Had Them. † Mail online. 13 sep, 2007. web 2 May, 2013. We will write a custom essay sample on Why Abortion should be illegal Essay Example specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Why Abortion should be illegal Essay Example specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Why Abortion should be illegal Essay Example specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer

Advanced French Past Tenses and Imperfect

Advanced French Past Tenses and Imperfect The difference between the two main French past tenses, the passà © composà © and the imperfect, is a constant struggle for many French students. In my lesson on passà © composà © vs imperfect, you learned about the fundamental differences between these two tenses. In this more advanced lesson, you will learn about the particularities of certain verbs when used in the past. Usually Imperfect Some French verbs are nearly always used in the imperfect rather than the passà © composà ©: aimer - to like, lovecroire - to believeespà ©rer - to hopeà ªtre - to bepenser - to thinksembler - to seemsentir - to feelvouloir - to want These verbs describe a state of mind or state of being. They are most often in the imperfect because verbs like wanting and being do not usually have a clear indicator of start and finish - either they last for an unspecified amount of time or they are interrupted by some other action.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Jaimais danser quand jà ©tais jeune.  Ã‚  Ã‚  I liked to dance when I was young.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Je croyais en Dieu.  Ã‚  Ã‚  I believed in God.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Jespà ©rais gagner.  Ã‚  Ã‚  I hoped (was hoping) to win.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Jà ©tais heureux lannà ©e passà ©e.  Ã‚  Ã‚  I was happy last year.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Je pensais mon frà ¨re.  Ã‚  Ã‚  I was thinking about my brother.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Il semblait trop parfait.  Ã‚  Ã‚  It seemed too perfect.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Je me sentais malade pendant toute la journà ©e.  Ã‚  Ã‚  I felt sick all day.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Je voulais rentrer aprà ¨s le film.  Ã‚  Ã‚  I wanted to go home after the movie.However, these verbs are used in the passà © composà © wh en there is a clear indication of the beginning or end of the action of the verb, or when it is obvious that this was a simple action that only occurred once.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Je nai pas aimà © le film.   Ã‚  Ã‚  I didnt like the movie.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Je ne tai pas cru quand tu as dit...  Ã‚  Ã‚  I didnt believe you when you said...  Ã‚  Ã‚  Hier, jai espà ©rà © que tu viendrais ; aujourdhui, à §a mest à ©gal.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Yesterday I hoped you would come; today I dont care.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Quand je lai vu, jai à ©tà © surpris.  Ã‚  Ã‚  When I saw him, I was surprised (just at that moment).  Ã‚  Ã‚  Jai pensà © une bonne histoire.  Ã‚  Ã‚  I thought of a good story.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Il a semblà © disparaà ®tre.  Ã‚  Ã‚  He seemed to disappear (all of a sudden).  Ã‚  Ã‚  Jai senti une goutte de pluie.  Ã‚  Ã‚  I felt a drop of rain.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Tout dun coup, jai voulu partir.  Ã‚  Ã‚  All of a sudden, I wanted to leave.Now that you know which verbs are usually in the imperfect, you can learn about verbs that have different meanings depending on whether they are used in the  passà © composà ©Ã‚  or  imperfect, and verbal constructions that are always in the imperfec t. Meaning Changes There are a few verbs that have different meanings depending on whether they are used in the passà © composà © or imperfect. Note however that these verbs are usually used in the imperfect; the passà © composà © meaning is fairly uncommon.avoir  - to have  Ã‚  Ã‚  imperfect - had  Ã‚  Ã‚  Javais de  largent.  - I had some money  Ã‚  Ã‚  Je  navais  pas  assez  de temps.  - I didnt have enough time  Ã‚  Ã‚  Javais  faim.  - I was hungry  Ã‚  Ã‚  passà © composà © - had, got, received  Ã‚  Ã‚  Jai eu un accident.  - I had / got into an accident  Ã‚  Ã‚  Jai eu une bonne surprise.  - I got a nice surprise  Ã‚  Ã‚  Jai eu faim.  - I got hungryconnaà ®tre  - to know  Ã‚  Ã‚  imperfect - knew, was familiar with  Ã‚  Ã‚  Je la  connaissais  bien.  - I knew her well  Ã‚  Ã‚  passà © composà © - met  Ã‚  Ã‚  Jai connu Michel hier.  - I met Michel (for the first time) yesterdaydevoir  - to have to  Ã‚  Ã‚  imperfect - was supposed to (whether I did or not)  Ã‚  Ã‚  Je devais partir midi.  - I was supposed to leave at noon  Ã‚  Ã‚  passà © composà © - must have, had to  Ã‚  Ã‚  Jai dà » le perdre.  - I must have lost it  Ã‚  Ã‚  Jai dà » partir midi.   - I had to leave at noon (and did)pouvoir  - to be able to  Ã‚  Ã‚  imperfect - could, was able to (whether I did or not)  Ã‚  Ã‚  Je  pouvais  mentir.  - I could  lie /  was  capable of lying  Ã‚  Ã‚  passà © composà © - could, was able to, managed to; (negative)  couldnt,  was unable to  Ã‚  Ã‚  Jai  pu  mentir.  - I was able to lie  Ã‚  Ã‚  Je  nai  pas  pu  mentir.  - I couldnt / was unable to liesavoir  - to know  Ã‚  Ã‚  imperfect - knew  Ã‚  Ã‚  Je  savais  ladresse.  - I knew the address  Ã‚  Ã‚  Je  savais  nager.  - I knew how to swim  Ã‚  Ã‚  passà © composà © - learned, found out  Ã‚  Ã‚  Jai  su  la solution.  - I found out / discovered the solution  Ã‚  Ã‚  Jai  su  nager.  - I learned how to swimvouloir  - to want  Ã‚  Ã‚  imperfect - wanted  Ã‚  Ã‚  Je  voulais  partir.  - I wanted to leave  Ã‚  Ã‚  Je  voulais  plus  dargent.  - I wanted more money  Ã‚  Ã ‚  passà © composà © - tried, decided to; (negative) refused  Ã‚  Ã‚  Jai  voulu  partir.  - I  tried / decided  to leave  Ã‚  Ã‚  Je  nai  pas  voulu  partir.  - I refused to leave Verbal Constructions Some verbs have particular constructions which, when referring to the past, are always in the imperfect:aller   infinitive (near future)  Ã‚  Ã‚  Jallais à ©tudier.  - I was going to study.avoir  (with age)  Ã‚  Ã‚  Javais 18  ans.  - I was 18.à ªtre  en train de  Ã‚  Ã‚  Jà ©tais en train dà ©crire une lettre.  - I was writing a letter.faire  (with weather)  Ã‚  Ã‚  Il  faisait  beau.  - It was nice out.venir  de   infinitive (recent past)  Ã‚  Ã‚  Je  venais  darriver.  - I had just arrived.

Chemistry IA design format Essay Example for Free

Chemistry IA design format Essay 1.0.1- Focus Question- If the mass of magnesium reacted with hydrochloric acid is changed will the temperature of the solution increase and the total mass decrease. 1.0.2- Hypothesis- If the mass of magnesium that is reacted with hydrochloric acid is changed the temperature of the solution will increase and the total mass will decrease. 1.0.3- Theory- The reaction between magnesium and hydrochloric reaction is written as follows, Mg(s)+ 2HCL (aq)—— (MgCl2(aq)+H2 (g) (Ng, 2008, pg 1). This reaction goes through two distinct changes that both have an effect on the energy change in the reaction. Enthalpy refers to changes in energy in a compound (Assut, 2008, pg 1). Two distinct changes can occur. An endothermic change occurs when the energy being absorbed is grater then the energy being released whereas and exothermic change is when the energy being released is greater than the energy being absorbed. Energy is absorbed when bonds are broken and energy is released when they are formed (Newton, 2008, pg1). Energy change cannot be directly measured. However energy change affects the physical force of heat. Therefore a heat change is indicative of an energy change. If the heat increase in the solution the change will be exothermic and if the heat decreases the reaction will be endothermic. In respects to the formula Magnesium forms an ionic bond with chlorine to form the salt magnesium chloride. When this bond is formed energy is released in the form of an endothermic change, this energy drop would be quite small however because the bond is ionic and does not take much energy to create since magnesium and chorine bond easily. However the second change is that hydrogen breaks off from chlorine in the hydrochloric acid and hydrogen is released as a gas. The breaking of bonds would absorb energy therefore forming an exothermic reaction. Hydrogen and chorine however form a very strong covalent bond. Covalent bonds form between atoms with similar electronegative forces and are there for take a lot of energy to break ( Anissimov, 2008, pg 1) Since the endothermic change is weak and the exothermic change is strong it can be predicted that the overall change will be exothermic and therefore the solution will heat up. Temperature change in a chemical reaction can be measured with a device known as a calorimeter. A calorimeter measures the heat of the solution before the reaction has occurred and then again after the reactant has been added (Whel, 2008, pg 1). These two values can be mathematically manipulated to find the relative change in temperature. If two of the same substance have different masses it means there is more of the one substance. In a mass of a substance there is a certain amount of material that can be reacted. By increasing mass the amount of substance that may be reacted increases. Therefore if mass increased the amount that of substance reacted will increase as well providing there is enough of the reactant. This will in turn increase the energy change. Also if more of the substance reacts with the reactant more of the reactant will be used up. This means that if the magnesium is increased there will be more reaction with hydrochloric acid; this means that more hydrogen will be released as gas and the total mass of the solution will decrease. Henceforth the change in heat should be greater if their entire solution is lighter as more of the hydrochloric acid has been reacted and hydrogen lost as a gas. Mg(s)+ 2HCL (aq)—— (MgCl2(aq)+H2 (g) Mass will change for each sample, sample range will be 2g, 4g, 6g, 8g and 10g This will be calculated by subtracting the final heat of the solution by the initial heat of the solution. The data will be gathered by using a calorimeter This will be calculated by measuring the weight of the solution and subtracting the weight of the calorimeter and the magnesium. The original mass not including calorimeter and the magnesium will then be subtracted by this value to mind the change of mass in the solution. The temperature of the solution will be heated to 25c and the reaction started immediately. The room temperature will be controlled at 24c The volume of hydrochloric acid will be 40mls per sample. A 50ml calorimeter with electronic thermometer and a scale with milligram accuracy. The experiment will be ended when reaction is fully complete and reaction will be given 10 seconds to calibrate before results are taken Standard 5 replications of each sample will be performed. 1.1.2- Control used in comparison- The reacted samples will be compared against hydrochloric acid with no magnesium that is also 25 degrees Celsius. Since the temperature remains constant there should be no energy or mass change, this would mean that on a graph this would represent a straight line which others samples with energy changes (heat changes) could be compared to. Ng, H.N, 2008, Acid reactions, Vat.Gov.Un, Accessed 21/08/09, http://vat.maharashtra.gov.in/communicationcenter/QueryAnswerSubjectwise.php?start=3090&subId=0000000007. Asset, M.A, 2008, Chemical Enthalpy, Nasa.gov, Accessed 21/08/09, http://www.grc.nasa.gov/WWW/K-12/airplane/enthalpy.html Newton, R.N, 2008, Energetics and bonding, Unknown sponsor, Accessed 21/08/09, http://www.webchem.net/notes/how_far/enthalpy/enthalpy_diagrams.htm Anissimov, T.A, 2007 Chemical bonding, Simon Frasier University, Accessed 21/08/09, http://www.chem1.com/acad/webtext/chembond/ Whel, L.W, 2006, Calorimeters, Stanford University, Accessed 21/08/09, http://www2.slac.stanford.edu/vvc/detectors/calorimeters.html The procedure of this experiment is a adaption of a previous class experiment. The source of the procedure is unknown, so thanks to Miss Crook for the inspirations for this design. Chemistry IA design format. (2017, Nov 16).

Case Analysis Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words - 4

Analysis - Case Study Example ollowing issues: To begin with, the supply process was characterized by manual modes of operations, creating time challenges with regard to operations of the Company; moreover, the manual aspect of the supply process compelled the company to apply large amount of labor resources. Another issue that faced Phase 1 of R/3 implementation process is the fact that the Macpac package that was applied to manage shop floor operations did not have capacities for simulation in order to operate alternative operational processes. Moreover, the system did not have the capacity to support formal procedures of distributing resource planning. Consequently, this phase is characterized by a scenario whereby Material Requirement Planning was supported in a partial dimension. The use of manual operational processes that were used in the previous operational systems was replaced by the use of a Macpac Package that was applied to manage and control various floor operations. The fact that the system did not support a formal operational system, did not deter the company from achieving its goals, due to the fact that it was solved by implementing a replenishment schedule that took into consideration predefined economic facets. On the other hand, the challenge facing Material Requirement Planning was solved through manual operations that basically involved physical entering of pre-planned orders. Phase II of the project was conducted in October, 1998; one of the issues that was faced in the second face of the project that seem to have been more complex as compared to Phase I, is the fact that the use of MacPac and FYI Planner systems were not able to facilitate some desired changes in the second phase of the project. Specifically, the FYI Planner forecasting software was not able to facilitating forecasting on the dimension of customer by customer, as required by the company. Another complex challenge that characterized the second phase of Geneva’s operational improvement project was

Women Gender studies Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Women Gender studies - Essay Example My breakfast is often characterized by bodybuilding foods that enable me retain a masculine and handsome stance. I leave my room to get breakfast, which entails coffee, a snack and a fruit such as an apple. However, in some cases I take breakfast in a bit of rush conscious of my departure time. Being a bodybuilding boy arguably requires more time to get ready to leave than girls do. This can be attributed to the fact that my desire for a masculine heavily built body requires adequate time for eating and rigorous exercise every day. Whereas I spend significant amount of time shaping up to a heavily built muscular man, girls spend time applying makeup and dressing up to attain a feminine look. Girls’ activities can be directly linked to women in search of beauty. Adoption of such practices in search of beauty can be attributed to the community setting and expectations that have been passed on from generation to generation. Likewise, I find myself focusing more on how my body is built because the societal expectations of handsomeness is based on muscular looks. However, there has been a trending shift with gender roles and expectations almost coming to a convergence. For example, every now and then we see some men visiting salons and using a wide variety of products whereas women are also spending more time jogging to keep strong and fit. In the past men, used only the basic products such as skin oil as opposed to this days where men plait their hair, use hair products among other cosmetics. I am not surprised that part of my shopping as a man involves manicure and pedicure products albeit sparingly. Societal expectations for men to have well built bodies have arguably caused an equal amount of trouble. Purchase and use of steroids and other muscle enhancing drugs is on the rise. Likewise, slimming products and programs have taken toll on the modern woman in bid to stay within societal expectations. For example,

Strategic Recommendation for Music Essay Example for Free

Strategic Recommendation for Music Essay The music industry is an interesting field to analyze. Hence, this paper presented the situations that existed within the business in year 2000. Based from the recommendation of the supposed Head of Strategy of a leading music label, Sony BMG, this paper stressed the need to adhere to the principle and practice of business partnership as what author Knopper presented in his book â€Å"Appetite for Self-Destruction. In doing so, the paper made the public realized the benefits of entering into industry deal such as the cited partnership between Sony BMG and Napster. Strategic Recommendation for Music in 2000 It is year 2000 and today’s Age of Digital Technology rapidly turns music and practically the entire recording industry into a world where file transfer, sharing, swapping and distribution service flourish. The music industry digitally transforms, particularly improves or modernizes technologically. In fact, the contemporary setting of music now turns away from the structure of compact disc or CD files. This is due to a free, easier and more accessible means of getting and receiving songs which the business now calls downloading. With such kind of industry evolution, it is empirical therefore not to fight the present system head on. The industry instead needs to adapt to the current working and effective framework. Hence, it is an essential strategy for major music labels or big recording companies to form partnerships with other fields. The said approach allows the existing and thriving downloading system works to the advantage and benefits of both the industry and its people. Such practical recommendation makes Music Company stronger and is able to survive whatever challenges that the future of the business holds. This is the reality of music today. The world now experiences the advent of a new and more demanding period hence the situation calls for a strategic recommendation and decision. As 2000 signals the start of the fresh 21st century, such kind of condition facing the music industry requires for aggressiveness and adaptability or flexibility in terms of finding ways to fit into the present-day situation. To be more specific, Sony-BMG is one of the leading music organizations where such recommendation will work. This is because of the company’s adherence to and upholding of its corporate responsibility. That is, Sony-BMG dedicates itself towards the continued development of the industry thus the need to consider the cited suggestion. With such business approach, the company needs to plan and undertake an agreement with concern field that is into or relative to the in-thing system of music downloading. In doing so, the new system of downloading, which the Digital Age introduces, serves its own interest while at the same time helps major music labels such as Sony-BMG and assists the music industry in general to preserve the business and continue serving its market. The cited condition signifies the principle and practices of business partnership and merging which Steve Knopper (2009) clearly and effectively exemplified in his book â€Å"Appetite for Self-Destruction: The Spectacular Crash of the Record Industry in the Digital Age. † Taking into consideration the pieces of information concerning the problems besetting the music industry, the book implies the need for major music labels such as Sony BMG to merge and form partnership. Such strategic recommendation prevents any untoward event in the business particularly the â€Å"self-destruction† of the industry, with all its companies, workforce and public (Knopper, 2009). What the book recommends? The author discussed in the book the abrupt growth and collapse of the recording business that happened in a span of thirty years. Decades prior to year 2000 witnessed the changing of music styles or genres and most importantly, the extraordinary achievement of the compact disc or CD. This happened as CDs previously created the recording industry into a stunning and prestigious business worldwide. Such is the condition until the emergence of the system of music downloading specifically the technology of file-sharing which significantly harmed the music industry (Knopper, 2009). To be able to undertake a sensible and efficient recommendation for leading recording companies like Sony BMG to consider, it is fundamental for Knopper to present the painful reality that happened to the industry prior to 2000. That is, after a successful transformation from long playing albums then to CDs, the industry was caught off-guard by the contemporary system of music downloading and eventually file-sharing (Knopper, 2009). Prior to 2000, the music industry is in its heyday due to the success of the CD business. With the technology advancement in 2000, the author noted with concern how big recording companies including Sony BMG failed to adapt to the Digital Age which started on 2000. Hence, leading music companies like Sony BMG rejected the advent and significant implications of the technology of file-sharing. The industry’s denial specifically the wrong and harmful decisions that people behind recording companies did allowed for the arrival and eventual supremacy of technological advancement like file-sharing. This is where the book discussed about Napster’s revolutionary style of music business. With the dominance in 2000 of the file-sharing technology, which is carried-out through downloading of songs from Napster and eventual copying and distribution through MP3 files, the CD business and entire industry succumbed to various debacles that included legal battles (Knopper, 2009). To address the existing problem concerning the new format which began in 2000, the book then hinted on the need for music companies to come together. The author signified that this requirement is achieved through merging and partnership within the industry. To support such recommendation, Knopper cited the scenario when there was a need for industry rivals Sony Music and BMG to become friends. The author wrote: One of the first things Andrew Lack did as head of Sony Music was something that his predecessor almost certainly would have never†¦a friendship with rival. Rolf Schmidt-Holtz was chairman of BMG, which not so long ago, had fought like a prize fighter against Sony and the other major labels†¦ (p. 205) While the book is a recent material, the solution that it has recommended is applicable to year 2000. Hence, the recommendation for music companies to enter into partnership with other companies and even with Napster itself is a rational solution that could have prevented the eventual destruction of the industry (Knopper 2009). Emergence of Napster University drop-out Shawn Fanning introduced into the web a music file-sharing service that eventually revolutionized the entire music industry. The birth of Napster enabled people especially music-lovers to download software, free of charge, and eventually transfer share, swap and distribute songs. A year after it began its operation, 2000 became a battle-laden year for Napster as it was engaged in several legal fights. These legal disputes included cases hurled by universities, music personalities like the rock band Metallica and of course, various music labels or recording companies for reported copyright infringement (â€Å"Napster’s High and Low Notes,† 2000). Napster’s online rule and into the music world became a success among down-loaders in 2000. Since it is the year when music was highlighted by raging rock, teen pop and hip-hop songs, Napster became an instant sensation especially among down-loaders. Far from the concert venues and recording studios, the noise brought about by the industry was heard happening inside court rooms where cases against Napster are heard. However, it is worthy to note that despite the legal obstacles, Napster gained its legality in 2000, continued with its business and even formed partnership with music companies in an effort to show support to the industry (O’Hare, 2000). Of merging and partnership Beyond the issues and controversies that transpired in the music industry in 2000, it is to be noted that it was in the same year that probable solutions to the problems were identified. O’Hare said that hours before Napster is to be shut down, The U. S. Court of Appeals ruled in favor of the company when it ordered the continued operation of the file-sharing on the Internet in 2000. The fight by major leading music labels such as Warner Brothers, Universal, EMI, BMG and Sony went naught as Napster shocked both the online and music industries when it was legalized (O’Hare, 2000). As Napster became a legal component of the music industry, it appeared that the online music service resorted to partnership in an apparent effort to the accepted as part of the recording industry. O’Hare wrote that in October of 2000, the then only one-year-old company and its teen-ager owner got into an agreement with BMG’s parent organization, the Bertelsmann (O’Hare, 2000). It turned out that the purpose for the $50 million partnership is to accord an assurance that the market of Napster are assured of music downloading through the company. But this time, the deal specified a fee for artists’ royalties to be paid by Napster users. It was unfortunate though that the deal did not materialize as the market itself of Napster opposed the agreement. Aside from this, Napster continued with its legal battles in the succeeding years. If only the partnership pushed through, it could have determined the feasibility and effectiveness of the principle and practice of merging and partnership within the recording industry and even among business rivals (O’Hare, 2000). Recommendation from Sony BMG Head of Strategy In order to understand better the above-mentioned conditions, principles and practices, it is valuable to apply such elements during the year 2000. Since it is the period when the industry witnessed various incidents, it is just essential to apply the presented facts on such phase of the music industry. This is because in doing so, strategic suggestion may be formulated and eventually carried-out hence ultimately addressed, if not resolve, the whole situation presented before the recording business. First, it is useful to take note that it is year 2000 and the setting is currently taking place wherein the situation indicates that the Napster, with the rapid improvement of its online file-sharing service, challenges the peak of the CD business. Thereafter, Napster’s market is growing while the previous achievement of CD sales is nearing its end. This is where I entered the picture as the head of strategy for Sony BMG. As such, I was tasked to recommend possible solutions to the present problem. Such function will be performed in a way that I have to create proposal in accordance to what Knopper presented in his book â€Å"Appetite for Self-Destruction. † Cause and Effect To start with, it is logical for my recommendation to identify first what caused the downfall of the supposed success of the CD business prior to this year. After careful evaluation of the surrounding circumstances, it is now clear that the plunge of CD sales was brought about by the failures within the industry itself. This means that the major music labels created among themselves their respective downfall. This is primarily because if their adamant denial of the arrival of a new or fresh form of music business such as the one introduced and being enjoyed by Napster. This factor aggravates the obvious damaging decisions currently being done by the people behind these recording companies. Aside from the refuting the existence of the Digital Age, the leading music companies and the industry itself fail to see both the threat and benefits of technological advancement. In effect, these grounds are now being slapped on the faces of industry people and the music field in general. This can be done by immediately acknowledging the challenge being presented by Napster but most importantly, the advantages that it can definitely offer. Considering the current situation, it is now logical to accept and realize that Napster, with its introduction and control of the technology of online file-sharing, is presently revolutionizing the manner music was circulated years before 2000. There is now a need to correct the mistake of denying the existence and progress of Napster. Hence, it is now necessary to recognize the enormous potentialities that the Digital Age has to offer particularly the technology of online file-sharing. It must be realized by the industry and its people that there is now an imminent danger that the CD technology and other music means before year 2000 are likely to become totally obsolete. This kind of cause and effect analysis will somehow help in eventually accepting that any business, the music industry for that matter, is vulnerable to challenges. At the same time, it is valuable to always consider that the music industry is experiencing its low as far as the CD technology is concern but is definitely on its high level as regards the technology of file-sharing. It is through this approach that the industry specifically the recording companies will have an easier time at accepting and eventually supporting Napster’s contribution. Proposed Partnership and Merging Considering the above-cited principles and eventualities, I now therefore strongly recommend the practice of partnership and merging among recording companies. The underlying principle for this suggestion is primarily based with what Knopper discussed in his book. In the said material, the author emphasized and made the public realized the need and the benefits of resorting to having deals or agreements within the business and among music labels. As one of the leading recording organizations, it will be a rational undertaking for Sony BMG to form partnership or merge with another company. In fact, it is also highly recommendable for Sony BMG to become a business partner of Napster. This is because the said recommendation will not only pave the way for the company’s survival in the business but most importantly, Sony BMG will become part of the revolutionary effort to make the industry stable and competitive. As the one in-charge of the strategy of the corporation, it is now my recommendation for Sony BMG to aggressively push through with such plan of merging or partnering with other recording companies. If not with the rest of major music labels, it is suggested that it will be best for Sony BMG to enter into a business agreement or deal with Napster. In doing so, not only will Sony BMG will be assured of continued existence but the company is sure to carry-on with its mandate to support and contribute to the evolution of the music industry. How the recommendation works? In any recommendation, a clear and effective formulation and implementation are necessary. This is primarily how the proposal works and succeeds. Hence for Sony BMG, it is fist required that the purposes or objectives of the partnership are clearly identified. From there, I, as the head of the company’s strategy component, recommend that for year 2000, it is suggested that the aims of the proposed partnership between Sony BMG and Napster are limited into two. Thus, it is recommended that Sony BMG partners with Napster in order to save the company from eventual downfall while at the same time contribute with the effort to revolutionize the industry and the manner of serving the music public. After the creation of the objectives, it is now time to suggest on ways on how to carry-out such plans. The initial proposal to merge or form partnership is in itself an effective implementation of the objectives. This is because there is definitely a need to perform the proposed objectives and this can only be done by being involve and being part of the undertakings of Napster. In fact, such attempt will be positively welcomed as it is evident also with Napster that there is a requirement to enter into joint business among the major music label. The initiative on the part of Sony BMG will then be taken as a positive effort thereby is expected to similarly yield beneficial implications. In the implementation stage, it is my recommendation to Sony BMG to be open and flexible with many possibilities. As presented by Knopper in his book, even Napster itself manifests remarkable openness entering into further ventures with other fields that are also into the digital technology. As Knopper wrote, Napster did not hesitate to form partnership with other companies beyond the music industry such as its partnership with Nokia and other leading digital businesses (Knopper, 2009). With such flexibility, it is lastly recommended that the partnership be done in such a way that both companies, Sony BMG and Napster, will benefit and continue with its respective business interests. Hence, the proposed partnership will be implemented in accordance with important elements such as objectives, manner of implementation, expected outcomes, time table and most importantly, the required success of the two companies as well as the benefits and contributions of the recommended partnership to the entire music industry. Conclusion Business recommendation is directly aimed at working to the advantage of the system and its people. If we are to look at the situation of the music industry in year 2000, it is empirically essential to adhere to and uphold what Knopper presented in his book. That is, partnership among recording companies and revolutionary organization such as Napster is indeed beneficial for the entire field. With year 2000 as the period of discussion, it is practical to formulate and implement suggestions based on the requirements of the said phase of the recording business. Hence, with the downfall of the CD business and the dominance of the online file-sharing technology, it is logical for leading music labels such as Sony BMG to deal a business with Napster. As such, my suggested partnership between Sony BMG and Napster is objectively in accordance to the book’s principle that, in fact, there is nothing wrong with joining businesses but that such effort eventually resolve any existing problem such as the plunge of the CD sales. It is for this reasons that Knopper’s book and my recommendation ultimately serve their respective purpose and essence towards the benefit of the music industry in year 2000. References Business Week Online. (2000, August 14). Napster’s High and Low Notes. Business Week. Retrieved April 28, 2009, from http://www. businessweek. com/2000/00_33/b3694003. htm Knopper, S. (2009). Appetite for Self-Destruction: The Spectacular Crash of the Record Industry in the Digital Age. New York: Free Press. O’Hare, K. (2000). The Year in Music. Retrieved April 28, 2009, from http://www. infoplease. com/spot/00music1. html

Death of A Salesman :: essays research papers

  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Biff / Willy - Turning Points   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  A major turning point in the story Death of a Salesman occurs on pages 1394 and 1395. The scene is Willy walking into Charley’s office and he sees Bernard (Charley’s son) waiting in the waiting room. Willy sits next to Bernard and starts to have a conversation with him. The conversation starts out casual, then Willy asks Bernard where did he go wrong with Biff (Willy’s son). Bernard tells Willy that Biff was prepared to attend summer school and Willy was surprised. Bernard asks Willy if Biff came up to see him in New England. Willy replied, â€Å"Yeah, he came to Boston. What about it?† He tells Willy that when Biff came back he wasn’t the same and it was then that Bernard knew that Biff had given up his life. When Bernard asked Willy what happened up there Willy got angry and said that nothing happened. After that conversation Willy started to play back in his mind the events that occurred the day Biff came to see him in Boston. On page 1407 Willy is in the hotel room with his mistress and they hear a knock at the door. The woman tells Willy, â€Å"Aren’t you going to answer the door? He’ll wake the whole hotel.† After trying to divert her attention Willy tells the woman to hide in the bathroom while he answers the door. Willy opens the door and sees Biff standing there. He asks his son why he came to Boston and his son replies that he flunked math and doesn’t have enough credits to graduate. They talk a little more then a laugh is heard from the bathroom. The woman comes out of the bathroom and Willy tries his best to get rid of her. He tells Biff that she just needed to borrow his shower. Tears begin to fall down Biffs face and Willy is still trying to come up with excuses.

Community Service Essay

Being a nominee, I realize that the National Honor Society is an honor to be in itself. Since The National Honor Society is dedicated to helping the needy, children, the elderly and non-profit organizations. I feel that this is the right society for me because since I was a child, I have been noted for my exceptional empathy. My parents have always instilled in me a sense of responsibility and care for others. I feel obligated to utilize my gifts in an organization as prestigious as the National Honor Society. Over the past years as a scholar, I believe that I have demonstrated all four principles: scholarship, leadership, character, and service. During my high school career, I have put a lot of effort into my schoolwork and have challenged myself with many advanced courses. I have successfully been competing with other students for the top position in certain subjects since elementary school. I have received the Honor roll every year since I moved to the United States. Being selected as a potential candidate for the NHS proves my academics but what makes me a great candidate is not just my average. It is difficult to narrow down the many instances where I have showed great leadership but many can be found in my involvements in teamwork. I have been looked to as a leader and have taken responsibility for various group projects. I have discovered much about fairness, compromise, and responsible qualities that are required to be a â€Å"good† leader. Often, I have had to sacrifice my own free time and personal desires for the benefit of the group. I believe this is the most important part of being a leader, the ability to sacrifice individual time and desires for the overall gain of the people that you are leading. I haven’t had much involvement in the local community but I have been a benefit to the internet community. I design and maintain web sites at my own cost and time and hold administrator and moderator positions in several popular online forums related to technology and computers. I spend over 20-hours a week on maintaining the sites. My main role is to answer people’s questions and help them with technological problems. My skills are broad in  this category. I have knowledge of several programming languages, including HTML, BASIC, PHP, and VB and also do graphic design. Part of my requirement, is to use those skills and help people that need it. The only payment I receive out of this is the pleasure and self satisfaction of helping others. There are great qualities in my character and the following are only a few of the many. I have discovered that I have a lot of empathy towards the needy. I uphold principles of morality and ethics. I am very cooperative. I try very hard to be completely honest and reliable. I am not judgmental towards my peers’ differences. I also am a very curious person by nature. Due to my abilities and previous experience, I can be considered a valuable candidate because I demonstrate the qualities of leadership, scholarship, service, and character. I also feel that if I am fortunate enough to earn inclusion in the NHS, that I would do nothing detract from the prestige and respectability that is associated with the National Honor Society.

Are You An Informed Citizen? Essay

Let’s just start out by me explaining my political views and how well I am informed. I have to be truthful and say that I am not a very political nor am I an â€Å"Informed† citizen. I know this is crazy but after researching and doing a lot of reading, I have been enlightened and what I have read has been very interesting. â€Å"An informed citizenry will benefit from applying both creative thinking and critical thinking in solving the challenges of our society†, at first I was like what the heck does this even mean? Well, I have informed myself and I must say I feel I will be able to vote Tuesday feeling more informed about the issues that concern this country. In a democracy, public misperceptions carry an enormous cost and I would hate to be one that contributed to this. The main goal of citizenship education is to produce citizens who can make informed decisions on matters pertaining to the operation of government. Do you know that a very high percentage of citizens make their decisions based on appearance on television? I don’t fall into that category although I may fall into the category above that. Because in the past I have based my decision on commercials. I never educated myself to learn the facts from the opinions or lies one might say. A lot of powerful groups and interests in the country try to manipulate public opinion and they are very good at it. An essential element of critical thinking is learning how to ask questions that will uncover the information needed to make an informed decision. Many decisions that citizens make have direct impact on their day to day lives. People who possess higher level of critical thinking skills are able to face society’s moral dilemas with the confidence that they will be able to find answers that will solve the problem. Let’s go back to how people decide who to vote for. Several recent studies indicate that candidates who simply look more capable or attractive are more likely to win elections. It also states that people who watch a lot of television will base their decision on the candidates appearance and are likely not educated on either candidates. Also naive students based their decision on just a black and white photo. I feel like it would be a great idea to have a political course taken in high school. That way students know the importance of having knowledge and being â€Å"informed†. Teaching them the importance of having sufficient and sufficiently reliable information or knowledge to be able to understand a  subject or situation and make appropriate judgments or decisions regarding it. Teaching them how to search for information, digest it, and actively participate in society putting their knowledge to a good collective use. It’s very important that we do not allow others to think for us. That we should be able to think and make decisions for ourselves based on the information that we know and have researched. We have so many underlying issues that have to be dealt with in the country. For us to not be educated on each issue and just base our decision on someone looking the part, well we might as well just do a coin toss. Seems more interesting and â€Å"creative† to me. We have job issues, environment, education, healthcare, budget for the country, same sex marriage, economic, taxes, abortion, gun control, immigration, social security, welfare/ poverty, the war, and the list goes on and on. It is embarrassing for me to admit that I was the percentage that made my decision on the media when the only thing they are thinking of is entertaining and making money. If we want this country to be built back up and to be strong like it once was we have to become educated and educate the young, because they will be running this country one day. I would like to go through some of the things I mentioned above and let you know what I have learned just by having to write this paper. Because I believe I have become more educated just from this one assignment and to think how much more I would know if I had started researching years ago. First would be Same sex Marriage/ Adoption that is interesting. I have always believed in every human lives their life the way they want as long as they are not harming themselves or any one else. Who cares what someone else does in their life. If they are happy and a good person, let them be. A gay couple should be able to adopt. A baby that is with a loving gay couple will benefit more than staying with someone who will not give it as much love. Gay couples are just as deserving. Romney believes in marriage only between man and woman. Who is he to judge? One that I am un- decisive on is taxes. I honestly can see both sides. Why is it fair for one who goes out and works hard to make a great living have to pay so much more in taxes to give to some that just live off the government? But the I can see where jobs are hard to get and some people of disabled and they would love to be out there working and making money. That is just one that I will have to do more reading on to be able to see what my beliefs are there. I feel everyone  should have healthcare and no one should be turned away for pre-existing medical issues conditions and insurance companies should not be allowed to drop you if a patient has been diagnosed with a terminal disease. There are so many issues and debates that its overwhelming and stressful, this is one reason I have never been a very political person. I see now why it is important to be an informed citizen and to know the facts. No matter how good our leadership, if we don’t have discriminating citizens, this nation will not work very well.

PAPA Poem †Poetry Course (300 Level Course)

PAPA Poem – Poetry Course (300 Level Course) Free Online Research Papers PAPA Poem Poetry Course (300 Level Course) Back and forth to school he’d go Even if it was really slow He drove us to show his care Although it took a long time to get there On Christmas he would take us shopping His bank account was always dropping He bought us books and clothes and toys And made sure I never talked to boys While Mama was cooking our after school snack Papa bought McDonald’s behind her back. Mama made chicken noodle soup by the buckets While Papa was getting us Chicken McNuggets. Papa used to think he was slick But we all knew his little trick Papa would sneak a drink of scotch Not knowing that I was there to watch He thought he could drink his secret brew But I made sure that Mama knew. You told us stories while in our beds Like how you became ‘uncle heads’ Even though we sometimes put up a fuss You’ll always be ‘Papa’ to us. So on your 70th birthday we wish you the best Knowing you’ve had a lifetime of success Because looking at all of your family here We know that you’ll have many more great years Research Papers on PAPA Poem - Poetry Course (300 Level Course)Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows EssayHonest Iagos Truth through DeceptionThe Spring and AutumnMind TravelHip-Hop is ArtEffects of Television Violence on ChildrenLifes What IfsStandardized TestingPersonal Experience with Teen PregnancyUnreasonable Searches and Seizures

Above the Line Advertising Research Proposal Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2750 words

Above the Line Advertising - Research Proposal Example In the last decade, a lot of research has been dedicated to conceptualizing and measuring customer-based brand equity. However, apart from putting forth various influencing factors, no integrative framework has so far been developed to account for the complex psychological processes underlying the formation of customer-based brand equity. In this context, this paper attempts to propose such a framework by drawing on the theory of the Elaboration Likelihood Model. (Kotler, 1997) This simple reason as to why ATL marketing is not used at all, or not used beyond the launch of a product, by popular brands is that these brands need to retain exclusivity in terms of the outreach and target audience that they are catering to. This generally implies a younger crowd which is constantly on the lookout for things that define their personalities in the most unique way, and in ways that they will not find anywhere else. Implications for Advertising Agencies A decade or so ago, branding meant little to people. Branding until then simply involved designing a logo or creating a corporate profile that will help identify it and differentiate it from other brands. In the past decade, things on the branding front have undergone a sea change due to above the line advertising. There is now a strong emphasis on brand building through the explicit communication of a vision in the whole organization where strong brands are more than mere trademarks that people recognize. In the generation of a branding idea and implementation of the same to build a brand profile, organizations behind the strong brands have managed to build a brand identity. "Brand identity should help establish a relationship between the brand and the customer by generating a value proposition involving functional, emotional or self-expressive benefits" (Aaker 1991).

Business Customs in Saudia Arabia Research Paper - 1

Business Customs in Saudia Arabia - Research Paper Example Before opening the business in Saudi Arabia, it is important to keep in mind that it is a conservative country and its ethics and culture are no way similar to a western country like America. In Saudi Arabia, business activities are conducted at a slower pace compared to the US and so meetings initiate slowly. My advice to my client is to keep patience during business meetings as Arabians prefer to start meetings with informal conversations like topics about family and hobbies. My American client may find the meetings disordered as it is a common scenario that Arabians do not refrain from attending phone calls or allowing other people to interrupt. Americans make it a point to switch off their phones and pay total attention to whoever is speaking. In Saudi Arabia, my client will need to take the effort to bring the meeting back on track after any disruptions. While doing business with the Arabians time is not a factor since they prefer to do business at the leisurely pace. They engag e in courtesies which are lengthy, and pleasantries are exchanged both in the beginning and even during the course of the meeting. My client should be careful to avoid asking about the other person’s female relatives. Business conversations do not start before coffee is served and they frequently fall silent which indicates not rudeness but that they are contemplating. Contrary to the Americans who are task-oriented and therefore more particular about time, the Arabian culture is more relation-driven and so they focus on timing.

Mediation Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 1

Mediation - Essay Example The mediator listens to the different versions of all the parties and calms or reassures them accordingly. The mediator should have active listening skills for this stage to be successful. During this stage, the mediator clarifies statements and questions so that the parties involved understand each other. He or she may also paraphrase the stories given by the parties. The third stage is the agenda setting stage. In this stage, the mediator outlines the issues that require a solution. He or she sets the agenda for the process by summarizing the disagreements or agreements between the parties. The purpose of mediation is to resolve these disagreements in an unbiased way (Drews 44). The fourth stage is the generation of alternatives stage. The mediator employs his or her skills to generate a series of possible options for the parties (Drews 44). He or she may also guide the parties in generating alternatives. In the fifth stage, the mediator asks the parties to choose among the generated alternatives. He or she guides the parties in selecting alternatives that are satisfactory and feasible to them all. The sixth stage is ending stage. In this stage, the mediator writes the agreement as agreed by all parties. A mediation process normally involves three people. The first person is the mediator. The second and third persons are the two warring parties. However, the process may also have â€Å"support people† who assist in signing the agreements. Concluding a mediation process is the last stage of a mediation process. In case a solution is reached, the mediator concludes the process by writing an agreement that is signed by all the parties. However, if the process is not fruitful to come up with a solution, the mediator summarizes the issues raised and thanks the parties for their contributions and making progress. He then ends the session. The first advantage of

Voluntary Active Euthanasia Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Voluntary Active Euthanasia - Research Paper Example 2). Which elements would proposed legislation need to possess in order to safely permit and suitably regulate VAE? It is clear to observe that the reluctance to legalize VAE is based primarily on fears of abuse (Keown, 2002, p. 74) combined with fears that terminally ill patients would â€Å"feel under pressure to agree to an assisted death† (Smartt, 2009, p. 100). However, such apprehensions can be eased and overcome by properly drafted and implemented legislation which would precisely prevent abuse and strike an appropriate balance between the right to life and the right to die. The public perception of VAE is clear: studies suggest that a huge majority of the public stands in favor of legalizing VAE, and those who were against it expressed the very aforementioned fears of abuse (Chapple et al, 2006). The legalization of euthanasia would have a difficult task ahead of it, but such legalization would not be impossible, and would also be beneficial to society as a whole. The l aw generally protects the autonomy of individuals in several areas of life, yet the ability to choose between autonomy and life when the two conflict is an issue that the law has been rather reluctant to delve into (Callahan and Keown, 1995, p. 208). Some question the point of the assessment of whether some have a more ‘worthy’ life than others, thus rendering them with a greater right to life: the issues rather turns on the fact that â€Å"doctors have never been under a duty to preserve life at all costs† (Keown, 2002, p. 58). There is an obvious stigma which is closely linked to allowing others to enact VAE, however. It is arguable that there can safely exist a social duty to end the pain of a person who expressly declares a wish to end their life, and that this duty can override the fears and apprehensions of society as a whole (Hooker, 2002, p. 26). Very little evidence exists to provide foundations for the argument that legalization of VAE would gradually b e interpreted as a positive duty to end the life of suffering individuals in all cases; its very restriction to ‘voluntariness’ would overcome such fears. Some argue that the value of human life cannot be overridden by any conflicting theory, thus rendering VAE morally incorrect because the sanctity of life should never be actively legislated against (Keown, 1997, pp. 482-484). Such arguments approach the issue of VAE on simplistic notions of good versus bad, and this is not a realistic approach; it is suggested that ethics should be approached as a science allowing notions of good and bad to be balanced against one another in specific situations. This would enable the argument surrounding VAE to escape irrelevant and frustratingly complex analyses of morality and enable legal drafters to approach the issue on an objective level. The most potent arguments against VAE are based on the assumption that such a law would be applied equally to all individuals, resulting in th e requirement that terminally ill individuals have their life prematurely taken. This is described by Laing as a situation in which â€Å"disability may be ruthlessly eliminated and some perceived form of perfection imposed’ (1997, p. 4). This argument is however unrealistic. It would be extremely easy to draft the law in a manner that would expressly forbid the extension of VAE to involuntary euthanasia. Careful drafting could safely ensure that it would not be mandatory for every terminally

Common Causes for Emergency Geriatric Treatment

Common Causes for Emergency Geriatric Treatment Introduction Chronological age of 65 years or above is accepted as the defining criteria for Geriatric patients in most developed countries 1 .This large heterogeneous group is further classified into three subpopulations commonly referred as ‘Young-Old’ [65-74 Years], ‘Old’ [75-84 Years] and ‘Old-Old’ [85 years and older]. Worldwide, the number of Elderly persons is expected to more than double from 841 million people in 2013 to more than 2 billion in 2050 2.In United States, patients over the age of 64 years account for 15-18% of ED visits 3 .Of these, about 35% requires admission as inpatient and a significant proportion of this gets admitted to Intensive care units 3.. The common geriatric syndromes in the Emergency Department include altered mental status, functional decline, fall, trauma, acute abdomen, infections, acute coronary syndromes, cerbrovascular accidents and exacerbations of chronic respiratory disorders. There are unique characteristics and special needs which have to be kept in mind while addressing elderly patients in the emergency department. The clinical presentation of geriatric patients is usually complex with more of atypical manifestations; confounding effects of co-morbid diseases, super added cognitive dysfunction, polypharmacy and associated adverse drug reactions, psychosocial issues and lack of adequate social support etc 4. Assessment of these issues usually demands a comprehensive approach with detailed clinical and liberal laboratory and imaging evaluations. This is justified in the context that a brief focused evaluation can overlook many life-threatening conditions in these patient group. More over the attending physician should also try to understand the baseline functional status of the patient prior to the presentation as it has got important prognostic implications. Thus it requires great skill, knowledge and patience from the part of the attending physician and the health care team as such to effectively and safely manage this vulnerable patient population. Approach to Unstable Elderly patient in Emergency Department In general, the principles of resuscitation in elderly patients are same as the standard guidelines followed for adult patients. But it is desirable for the emergency physician to speak to the immediate relatives or to the patient himself if possible to see whether there is any advance directive or patient’s wishes for end of life care decisions. If present, it has to be respected before taking treatment decisions. The special characteristics in elderly while assessing Airway, Breathing and Circulation are summarized in figure 1.Nasal airway or Nasogastric tube has to be inserted gently with care as the nasal mucosa is very friable and has a tendency to bleed in elderly patients. Always examine the oral cavity in unconscious patients for loose fitting dentures or partly chewed food as they can cause potential airway obstruction and if present, has to be removed. Edentulous airway can result in ineffective bag-mask ventilation. Hence well fitting dentures can be kept insitu while bag mask ventilation but always has to be removed before attempts of intubation. Difficulty in extending neck or in opening mouth has to be anticipated while attempting intubation due to degenerative diseases of spine and temperomandibular joints. Arterial Blood gases are an important adjunct to the clinician as the clinical response to hypoxia, hypercapnea and acidosis can be blunted in elderly. Arterial hypotension (systolic BP 5. Serial assessment of Blood pressures and Arterial Blood gas examination to see trends in lactate, base excess and acidosis can identify such potential high risk candidates early 6. Fluid resuscitation should follow in the standard fashion with fluids or blood in an elderly patient who is hemodynamically unstable in the Emergency department. But it should be careful with constant monitoring to avoid pulmonary edema. Early blood transfusion should be considered in elderly unstable trauma patient. Common Geriatric syndromes in Emergency department Altered Mental status At least 25% of elderly patients in the ED have altered mental status 7, 8. Delirium is an acute confusional state and dementia is a chronic confusional state. Etiology of delirium is often mutltifactorial but often represents an underlying medical emergency. Diagnosis of delirium is clinical and is based on assessment of the level of consciousness and cognition. The confusion assessment method (CAM) is a useful tool for diagnosing delirium at ED 9.The important management steps in the Emergency department are illustrated in Figure 2.The first priority is to address predisposing and precipitating factors like hypovolemia, hypotension, hypoxia, hypoglycemia, hyponatremia, Acidosis etc. Often inpatient admission is needed for the management of the underlying illness. Drugs like haloperidol or lorazepam may be used in cases of extreme agitation but with caution and at titrating doses. Decline in Functional status Functional status reflects how well a person is able to meet his or her own daily needs-like feeding oneself, dressing up, getting out of bed, bathing, toileting etc. The attending physician should not misinterpret a decline in functional status as a part of normal ageing process. Functional status of an elderly patient can be formally assessed with use of standard scales for basic activities of daily living. Activity of Daily living –ADL is one such tool and is shown in figure 4. New onset Functional decline is often precipitated by medical, psychological or social reasons. Patients with unexplained functional decline need admission for evaluation and management. Functional decline is an important predictor of further functional decline, repeat ED visits, hospitalization, need for home care or institutionalization and death10, 11. The general approach to a patient with decline in functional status is illustrated in figure 5. Falls Falls account for approximately 10% of emergency visits in Elderly 12, 13.Falls are the most common cause of fatal as well as non fatal injuries in geriatric population. A fall should be treated as a symptom and the physician should evaluate the causes and consequences of fall. The most common reasons for injurious fall-related ED visits among the elderly were fractures (41.0 percent), followed by superficial/contusion injuries (22.6 percent) and open wounds (21.4 percent) 13. Serious injuries associated with fall include hip fracture, rib fracture, subdural hematoma, other serious soft tissue injury or head trauma. It is important to remember that a fall can signal a sentinel event in an elder person’s life triggering a downwards spiral of complicating events, finally leading to death. Acute abdomen in elderly Acute abdominal pain in elderly usually poses a challenge to the clinician as the symptoms are often non-specific, abdominal findings are often subtle and the presence of co-morbid conditions which can complicate the definitive surgical procedures. Common causes of acute abdomen in elderly include acute cholecystitis, acute appendicitis, peptic –ulcer perforation, mesenteric ischemia, acute pancreatitis, ruptured abdominal aortic aneurysm, bowel obstruction and diverticular diseases. Elderly usually presents with atypical symptoms, often significantly late in the course of the illness. It is essential to consider serious medical conditions like inferior myocardial infarction, pneumonia, pleurisy, diabetic ketoacidosis and pulmonary embolism in all cases of suspected acute abdomen. Abdominal tenderness may not be present or poorly localized. Guarding or rebound tenderness might be difficult to appreciate. Serial abdominal examination is important as new signs tend to appear with time. High risk features include acute onset of pain, severe pain, pain followed by vomiting, worsening or persistent pain, signs of peritonitis, hemoperitoneum and hemodynamic disturbances. Liberal imaging is the usual protocol with Plain x-ray abdomen, abdominal ultrasound and CT abdomen as necessary. Patients with continuing symptoms but with unremarkable laboratory and imaging studies should be observed and serially evaluated as necessary. An approach to elderly with abdominal pain is illustrated in figure 6. Infections in elderly Elderly are significantly more prone to infections and its life threatening complications. Presentation of infection can be atypical with lack of fever or localizing features. Sepsis can present with subtle clinical features like lethargy, decline in functional status or confusion. Usual site of infections include lung, urinary tract, skin and abdomen. High index of suspicion is necessary to early identify the patients with sepsis. Management of Severe Sepsis and Septic shock in elderly should follow the standard guidelines used for adults like international surviving sepsis guidelines 14. Early initiation of antibiotics and other sepsis resuscitation bundles is found to improve mortality and functional recovery 15, 16, 17 .The salient points in the clinical approach to an elderly with suspected sepsis are summarized in figure 7. Medication related problems Adverse events related to drugs are common in elderly population and is a common cause for ED visits. Elderly are more susceptible to serious and fatal adverse drug effects due to polypharmacy, lack of monitoring , non-adherence, use of multiple medications, use of over the counter medications, wrong dosage , altered drug metabolism and propensity for drug interactions. The risk factors for serious adverse drug reaction in elderly include ‘old-old’ patient, lean body mass, more than 6 chronic medical illnesses, 9 or more drugs, more than 12 doses per day and a previous history of adverse drug reaction 18. Most commonly encountered problematic drugs include diuretics, NSAIDs, Warfarin, Digoxin, antidiabetic agents, antiepileptic agents, chemotherapeutic agents, antibiotics and psychotropic drugs 19. Detailed drug history, reviewing prescriptions and direct verification of current medications may prove to be very helpful strategies while evaluating geriatric patients in th e ED. Elder Abuse and Neglect Elder abuse is defined a single or repeated act, or lack of appropriate action, occurring within any relationship where there is an expectation of trust which causes harm or distress to an older person 20. It can result either from an act of commission or of omission and may present as physical abuse, psychological abuse, sexual abuse, care giver neglect, self neglect and financial exploitation. It should be suspected in patients who present with unexplained or multiple injuries in various stages of evolution. Key points: The characteristics and needs of elderly in the Emergency department are quite different than the younger patient. Clinical presentation of life threatening diseases can be atypical, subtle or misleading with absence of classic symptoms and signs. Presence of multiple co- morbid conditions and cognitive impairment usually complicates the picture. A comprehensive work up-including detailed history, physical examination and liberal investigations and imaging is recommended than a brief goal directed or symptom based work up. Altered mental status, falls, functional decline, acute coronary syndromes, stroke, infections with or without sepsis, acute abdomen and trauma are the common geriatric syndromes in the emergency department. Social and non medical issues are important and need multidisciplinary input to ensure safe and effective disposition of these population.

The Nearly Fatal Snow Caving Trip Essay -- Reflection Memoir Essays

The Nearly Fatal Snow Caving Trip Sharp pains shooting through muscles, trying to avoid sleep, hypothermia set in on an Antarctic ice crevasse researcher. I had the opportunity to go snow caving with my brother, Josh. I was confident in my winter backcountry skills and anticipated a memorable trip. I did not know what I was getting into. Growing colder day-by-day, winter became more dominant. Deep snow made travel difficult. To navigate through this terrain, I would have to wear special equipment. There are a few ways to travel over snow: snowmobiles, cross-country skis, and snowshoes. The uneven terrain and fresh powder called for snowshoes. Along with shoes, winter camping requires many other types of gear. To cope with the cold, I had to pack bulky warm clothing, and sleeping gear. The Campin' Gaz lantern and stove, both blue and oddly shaped, were necessary for a cold night without a fire. Large, stiff, blue tarps were needed to repel the wet snow while heavy, green foldable shovels comprised the majority of the weight in my pack. The down filled, sleeping bag received much of the attention of my pack's available space. A Kelty 5400 cubic inch Red Cloud swelled with these items, impatient to be worn. With our gear ready, we boarded our transportation, a brown, earth-colored Subaru wagon, was the car of choice. The packs filled the little space of the hatchback. Through the neighboring towns, we made our way to the top of the mesa. After we reached our chosen parking area, we stepped out of the brown machine quickly realizing that we needed to put the rest of our clothes on. After only a moment to acclimate, we prepared our gear. Hurling Kelty over my back, I balanced to put on my orange, plastic, snowshoes. Al... ... to be inside this precarious place, I was careful with every movement. As we both lay in our bags, the cave's darkness soon soothed our eyes and sleep came to our tired bodies. Striking camp early in the morning we traversed over the white, moon lit landscape. We arrived at the car for a late lunch, which ended our camping trip. Thanks to my knowledge of winter backcountry, and my brother, I made it back alive. Now I realize more possibilities and consequences before I am doing dangerous things. Even with all the knowledge and experience, nature can still prevail. Luckily, this was not the case this time. I am extremely thankful for my brother, and he is thankful to still have a brother. I am continually learning new knowledge and skills and am still humbled by this experience. I hoped that this would be a memorable trip, but it turned out to be life changing.